Researchers are trying to overcome the ephemeral nature of peptides, which might otherwise be powerful medicine. A University of Virginia team has found one approach.

New power system architecture will greatly increase the difficulty and vulnerability of the power system operation and control. The high integration of information and communication technology (ICT) promotes comprehensive information sharing, but it also highlights the urgency of establishing modeling and analysis methods for ICT-based power secondary systems. In this paper, simulation modeling methods for power secondary systems are proposed to achieve information sharing under interconnectivity and interoperability criteria. The smart substation secondary system with complex functional descriptions is taken as the research object. Firstly, a structural model of intelligent electronic devices (IEDs) is proposed that meets the interconnectivity requirements. Secondly, a functional model of IEDs with built-in algorithms for secondary business in power systems is proposed, as well as power communication protocol models that meets the interoperability requirements under IEC 61850 standard. Thus, through the state design in the process domain, the IED function in the node domain and data exchange between IEDs in the network domain can be achieved. Finally, taking a typical 220kV substation line current protection as an example, the entire process of protection setting modification and protection actions after a fault occurred are simulated by correlating the operating status of the power primary system, verifying the correctness of the proposed simulation models.

The inertial of the system and the maximum frequency deviation caused by the energy storage batteries when participating in grid frequency regulation need to be improved，virtual synchronous generator control for GSC is expected to improve the performance of storage battery energy participation in grid primary frequency regulation. Therefore, this paper proposes participation of energy storage batteries in primary frequency control for power grid considering dynamic frequency inertia characteristics. In order to utilize the inertial support and primary frequency regulation capability of the energy storage batteries for the grid, the additional active power module is constructed, and the active powers generated by the virtual inertial control and droop control strategies of the energy storage batteries are used as additional power for variable rotor inertial control and output feedback model predictive control, respectively. For the better mismatch between inertia characteristics of the virtual synchronous machine and the grid demand, this paper designs the variable rotor inertia control considering system frequency deviation and system frequency change rate to realize the real-time adjustment of rotor inertia responding to the system frequency. The output feedback model prediction control of VSG is further proposed to achieve dynamic prediction and compensation of system frequency deviation by establishing a feedback channel between rotor angular frequency increment and torque increment. A comparative analysis with three existing control strategies shows that the proposed control strategy can make full use of the frequency regulation capability of the energy storage battery and VSG to effectively reduce the frequency deviation and frequency variation rate of the grid.