The Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS, President: Lee Ho Seong) has established standards that can reliably verify the performance of Korea's developing 6G low Earth orbit satellite communication system.

From fundamentals to applications: a review on femtosecond (fs) laser micro/nano processing, recently published online in the International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing. Dr. Le Gao and co-authors from University of Shanghai for Science and Technology present this comprehensive review on the development of fs laser micro/nano processing, including topics such as fundamentals and unique phenomena of fs-laser pluses and matter interactions, pulse-shaping and high throughput fabrication, fs-laser processing in transparent materials, 4D printing, heterogeneous integration and 3D functional micro devices manufactured by fs laser-powered processing technology. This review sums up the recent development of the technology and a perspective is proposed to explore the challenges and future opportunities for further betterment of fs laser micro/nano processing technology.

Unprocessed rice kernels that are encased in an inedible hull must undergo milling to reveal the white rice grain. Proper milling can increase the amount of rice that makes it from the farm to the kitchen by decreasing the number of broken kernels, along with impacting nutritional and functional qualities, sensory attributes and cooking performance. Griffiths Atungulu, a professor and agricultural engineer with the Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station and Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences, recently published a study with members of his rice processing research team that offers information to help optimize lab methods for rice milling.

A large Mendelian randomization study, published in eGastroenterology by Liu et al., identified multisite chronic pain as a key causal factor for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), along with links to depression, neuroticism, and gastro-esophageal reflux disease. The findings highlight chronic pain and mental well-being as priority targets for IBS prevention and call for integrated strategies addressing both gastrointestinal and psychiatric health.

Together, or not together, that is the question. Hamlet is not the only one facing life-changing questions – wild animals have to make decisions pivotal to their survival on a daily basis. In a modelling case study, scientists of the GAIA Initiative investigated whether exchange of information among African white-backed vultures (Gyps africanus) bring more advantages than disadvantages to the individual vulture in its search for food. They found that social foraging strategies are overall more beneficial than non-social strategies, but that environmental conditions such as vulture and carcass densities greatly influence which strategy yields the best results.