There is a closing 20-year window in which decisions on climate and land use will determine the fate of dozens of native birds, butterflies and plants across Great Britain, which is already one of the most nature-depleted countries globally.

That is the warning in a new study led by the UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology (UKCEH), which, for the first time, predicts how different combined environmental changes would affect the survival of species within 1km square areas across the country.

Microbial metabolites influence health far beyond the intestinal tract. Yet, a systematic understanding of how these molecules precisely control specific immune cell functions and regulate disease has remained elusive. A comprehensive review by the team of Professor Changtao Jiang and Dr. Kai Wang at Peking University addresses this gap. The article provides a critical theoretical foundation for understanding the gut microbiota-metabolite-immune axis in disease pathogenesis and for developing targeted intervention strategies.

The global push for carbon neutrality necessitates a comprehensive understanding of natural carbon sinks, particularly within aquatic ecosystems such as lakes and reservoirs. These environments play a dual role, acting as both sources and sinks of carbon, with their sediment–water interface being a critical zone for carbon transformation and storage. A recent investigation addresses a longstanding question: how precisely does varying hydrostatic pressure, stemming from water level fluctuations in deep-water reservoirs, influence the microbially mediated processes central to carbon cycling and sequestration?

To unravel these complex dynamics, researchers conducted a meticulous microcosm simulation using sediment and water sourced from the Jinpen Reservoir in Shaanxi Province, China. This experimental setup rigorously simulated four distinct hydrostatic pressure levels, ranging from atmospheric pressure (0.1 MPa) to higher pressures (0.2 MPa, 0.5 MPa, and 0.7 MPa), corresponding to varying water depths. The team then employed advanced metagenomics and metabolomics techniques to comprehensively analyze changes in microbial community structure, the abundance of specific functional genes, and the activity of metabolic pathways associated with carbon cycling.

New research from the Wuhan University of Technology reveals the complex and contradictory effects of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), commonly known as "forever chemicals," on soil ecosystems. A team led by authors Yulong Li and Lie Yang demonstrated that contaminants PFOA and PFOS trigger a dramatic two-phase response in soil. Initially, the chemicals stimulate a rapid release of carbon, but this is followed by a prolonged period of suppression, posing significant questions about the long-term health of contaminated soils and their role in the global carbon cycle.

The widespread presence of PFOA and PFOS in the environment is a growing concern due to their persistence and bioaccumulation. While many investigations have focused on their distribution and toxic effects on plants and animals, their influence on the fundamental geochemical processes within soil has been less understood. This inquiry sought to determine how these specific contaminants alter the mineralization of soil organic carbon (SOC), a vital process where microorganisms break down organic matter and release carbon, which influences both soil fertility and atmospheric carbon dioxide levels.

Researchers at Hiroshima University have developed a new tool to quickly and accurately map fungal gene functions, even for species that have never been studied before.