The association of season and vitamin D status with pregnancy outcomes remains poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between vitamin D deficiency (VDD) during pregnancy in different seasons and adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs).

Researchers have developed a multilevel dispersion strategy that synergistically combines in situ confined growth, ultrasonication, atomization, and rotational shearing to incorporate triphenylamine-based graphdiyne nanoparticles into polymer membranes for ethanol recovery. The method can effectively mitigate nanoparticle agglomeration, a persistent challenge that diminishes the efficacy of graphdiyne. The resulting mixed matrix membrane demonstrated a permeate flux of 2.35 kg·m⁻²·h⁻¹ alongside a separation factor of 11.31 for a 5 wt% ethanol/water solution. Compared to the stirring-casting method, these performances represent enhancements of 41% in permeate flux and 80% in separation factor.

POSTECH researchers demonstrate a foundation model for automating analog circuit layout design.

Among caregivers of older adults with multiple chronic conditions in Chinese rural areas, self-efficacy and family support were full parallel mediators of the relationship between caregiver burden and subjective well-being, accounting for 26.15% and 73.85% of the total indirect effect, respectively.

The increasing emission of carbon dioxide (CO₂) has intensified global efforts toward its conversion and utilization. Electrocatalytic CO₂ reduction reaction (CO₂RR) has emerged as a promising sustainable strategy to address interconnected energy and environmental challenges. Among the various products of CO₂ reduction, methanol has attracted significant research attention as both an essential chemical feedstock and a promising renewable energy carrier. This review comprehensively summarizes recent advances in the electrocatalytic conversion of CO₂ to methanol, with systematic discussions on fundamental reaction mechanisms and pathways, innovative reactor configurations, diverse catalysts, and auxiliary optimization strategies. Particular emphasis is placed on categorizing and evaluating various catalysts, including mono-/bimetallic catalysts, molecular catalysts, enzyme catalysts, and carbon-based materials, while exploring their structure-activity relationships and performance enhancement strategies for improving methanol selectivity. Furthermore, the techno-economic viability of current processes is analyzed, assessing the cost-effectiveness and commercial potential of electrocatalytic methanol production. Finally, based on current research progress and existing challenges, key research directions are outlined to advance the development of commercially feasible electrocatalytic CO₂-to-methanol systems, providing practical guidance for future investigations.

Comprehensive review reveals how nanostructure engineering can slash costs and boost durability for clean energy applications

For years, scientists have worked to uncover how the brain responds to mechanical forces and electromagnetic waves. Computer models offer useful simulations, but they don’t fully capture what goes on inside a living brain. Now, the team from Mizzou’s College of Engineering is working to close that gap by developing 3D-printed models of an artificial human brain.