Kyoto, Japan -- As extreme weather events become more frequent and the impacts of climate change become stronger, countries around the world are strengthening their decarbonization efforts. The 2016 Paris Agreement in particular represents a global effort to address climate change by limiting the rise in global average temperature to well below 2˚C.

However, concerns have been rising about the economic costs of these transitions. Previous studies suggest that stringent greenhouse gas emissions mitigation may cause an increase in food and energy prices, exacerbating poverty and inequality. How to address these social impacts in the context of society-wide decarbonization remains unclear.

In response, an international research team led by Shiya Zhao from Kyoto University and the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis -- IIASA -- in Austria created a comprehensive study to assess the ramifications of decarbonization. Their goal is to steer policy formulation toward a sustainable and equitable trajectory for climate change mitigation.

Balancing economic growth with environmental protection is especially challenging for developing countries, even more so for those relying heavily on foreign aid. Recently, researchers from Japan developed a theoretical framework to show that zero-emissions policies can be compatible with sustainable growth in such nations. Their findings highlight the critical role of foreign aid, clean technologies, and effective tax policies in helping countries reach the minimum income threshold per person needed to effectively implement zero-emissions strategies.

The project aims to study the mental health of adolescents aged 14 to 17 living in Spain and to analyse which support networks are important at this stage. To do so, both qualitative and quantitative methodologies were combined, yielding several samples: a representative sample of 806 adolescents nationwide and an additional sample of 228 LGTBI+ adolescents for the survey and 44 LGTBQI+ participants in discussion groups.

The results show that 11.2% of adolescents in the overall sample report feeling very or quite unhappy, and 38.8% indicate that they have experienced loneliness regularly in the past year. Regarding depression, 14% would be experiencing severe episodes, and 6.6% would be in very severe episodes.

Additionally, the study finds that 15.7% of respondents report having attempted suicide, 19.8% have considered it, and 29.3% have engaged in self-harming behaviours in the past year, of which 10.5% report thinking about it frequently.