Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) presenting with hyperlactatemia or lactic acidosis (LA) represents a rare, often fatal paraneoplastic phenomenon driven by tumor metabolism rather than hypoperfusion. This condition, classified as Type B LA, is frequently misdiagnosed as septic shock due to overlapping clinical features, leading to delayed oncologic intervention. A detailed analysis of two clinical cases combined with a systematic review of 19 published studies reveals critical prognostic thresholds: initial lactate levels between 5–14.9 mmol/L confer a significant survival advantage over levels of 15–24.9 mmol/L, and peak lactate concentration inversely correlates with survival time. Crucially, early initiation of chemotherapy-based regimens, rather than supportive care alone, significantly improves outcomes (P=0.026), establishing LA as an oncologic emergency requiring immediate hematologic workup. Adjunctive therapies, including sodium bicarbonate for severe acidemia and thiamine/Vitamin B supplementation to support mitochondrial function, may provide additional benefit, while medications exacerbating lactate production must be avoided.

Myocardial infarction (MI) and subsequent ischemia-reperfusion injury trigger a devastating cascade of oxidative stress and cardiomyocyte death, largely driven by mitochondrial dysfunction and excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. While the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) antioxidant pathway has been extensively studied in cardioprotection, the role of its homolog, Nrf3, remains less clear. Emerging evidence now positions Nrf3 not as a protective factor but as a novel pathogenic driver in post-MI cardiac injury. A pivotal study published in Circulation(Chen et al., 2025) revealed that Nrf3 is significantly upregulated in infarcted human and mouse hearts, where it promotes mitochondrial superoxide generation, exacerbates apoptosis, and impairs cardiac function by epigenetically suppressing the transcription factor Pitx2. This finding challenges the traditional view of the Nrf family as uniformly protective and identifies the Nrf3-Pitx2 axis as a promising therapeutic target for mitigating infarct size and adverse remodeling.

High-altitude environments, characterized by hypobaric hypoxia, intense ultraviolet radiation, and cold, are increasingly recognized as significant drivers of accelerated biological aging, posing complex public health challenges as human activity in these regions grows. While traditional views often focus on acute mountain sickness, emerging evidence from epidemiological, epigenetic, and microbiological studies reveals that prolonged exposure can decouple chronological age from biological age, leading to premature declines in cognitive, physical, and metabolic health. This commentary synthesizes recent research to argue that high-altitude living acts as a potent environmental stressor that accelerates the aging process through multiple interconnected pathways, albeit with notable paradoxes and dose-dependent effects that complicate a straightforward narrative.

Research misconduct may leave traces in the text itself, not only in how the research is conducted, suggests a new study from Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden. By analysing scientific articles later retracted for misconduct, the researchers identified five recurring rhetorical “warning signs” that can indicate when a study is designed to appear credible despite unreliable foundations.

Modern technologies face overlapping challenges from electromagnetic interference, fire risk, heat buildup, and noise. Researchers developed a lightweight, bio-based aerogel to address these issues simultaneously. Using cellulose combined with metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) and controlled carbonization, they created a porous material that absorbs microwaves, reduces flammability, insulates heat, and dampens sound. The multifunctional performance is achieved with low filler content, demonstrating a sustainable strategy for advanced protective materials across multiple demanding applications.

This groundbreaking integrative taxonomic study reveals that a single described ant species in Australia’s monsoonal tropics actually comprises at least 26 genetically and morphologically distinct species, with estimates suggesting the complex contains over 50 species total, challenging long-held assumptions about global ant diversity hotspots.

Applying beneficial microbes to soil sounds simple, but in practice it can be difficult to distribute small amounts of microbial products evenly through growing media or field soils. A study published in Biochar suggests that carefully selected biochar could help solve this problem.

A global analysis suggests that biochar, a charcoal-like material made from biomass, could play a larger role in climate-smart agriculture when it is applied according to local soil and climate conditions. The study, published in Biochar, combines global meta-analysis, machine learning, and density functional theory calculations to identify how different biochar types and application rates can help reduce greenhouse gas emissions from croplands while improving crop yields.

Wastewater treatment plants are key to global carbon neutrality efforts. A new study in Engineering shares a clear, science-based roadmap to cut emissions and energy use in these facilities. It covers smarter operation, low-carbon technologies, greenhouse gas control, energy from sludge and effluent heat, and turning wastewater into valuable resources. This practical guide shows how to make wastewater treatment sustainable without losing treatment quality.

This comprehensive study details Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-sen’s remarkable achievements in plant germplasm collection, endangered species protection, and industrial resource development, providing valuable insights for China’s emerging national botanical garden system.