Competency-based education is an approach focused on equipping students with practical skills for future life and work. A new policy review examining Thailand’s version of this reform reveals its distinct characteristic: it is not a clean break from the past but is deliberately built upon the foundation of the nation’s longstanding standards-based curriculum. The study provides crucial insights for policymakers navigating similar large-scale curriculum transitions.

An international study, featuring CMCC scientists, reveals that the true economic damage of climate change has been vastly underestimated – because the ocean has been left out of the equation. By integrating the latest ocean science into climate-economic models, researchers found that accounting for climate impacts on marine ecosystems and ocean-dependent infrastructure nearly doubles the social cost of carbon. The hidden ocean cost is estimated at $48 per tonne of CO₂, a figure that should be added to current policy calculations.