The cost of screening people with the rare, inherited cancer-causing condition Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS) is roughly nine times lower than that of treatment, researchers have found. This evidence is sufficient to make the case for investing in early genetic testing in tumour risk syndromes, they say, with benefits not just for patients, but also for healthcare systems.

Studying the genetics of long-lived families rather than individuals better identifies mechanisms that enable a significantly longer healthy lifespan. Using this approach means that it is possible to separate out the other factors that may affect longevity – socio-economic position, pollution etc. – and concentrate purely on the relevant genetic changes.

Newborn genome screening pilot studies are increasingly being rolled out in countries including the UK, and involve determining the entire sequence of a baby’s genetic code and interrogating it for hundreds of potentially treatable conditions. The research team cautions that most genetic studies to date have been carried out in groups of people who already have a condition, or are in a high-risk family. This means that the known risk of a genetic variant causing a disease (known as penetrance) is often higher than the actual risk in the general population.

To put this to the test, the Exeter team has analysed genetic variants previously found to cause disease, using large datasets of the general population, including nearly a million volunteers in either UK Biobank or All of Us. Focussing on more than 50 genes across 15 diseases included in largescale trials for newborn genome screening, the team looked for the variants, and whether people who carry them have the disease.

Exposure to glyphosate, the active ingredient in many weed killers, was linked to changes in several hormones that support pregnancy and fetal development—in one of the few studies to examine how a widely used herbicide may affect the body during pregnancy. The results come from a new study led by University of Michigan School of Public Health researchers.

Higher exposure to gun violence among Black and Hispanic Americans helps explain persistent racial disparities in both general health and chronic health diagnoses, according to Rutgers researchers.

Their study, published in the Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities, examined whether exposure to gun violence is a pathway connecting socioeconomic disadvantage to racial disparities in health among U.S. adults.

Human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) detection in wastewater offers a novel approach to monitor the virus in communities. Researchers report that their method, called hybrid-capture genetic sequencing, allows them to analyze viral genomes in detail and specifically identify viral signals coming from community wastewater. Analysis of sites with available clinical data showed that wastewater HIV signals strongly coincided with the number of people known to be living with HIV in that community, providing evidence that wastewater HIV signals can track HIV burden.