Although experimental evidence supports links between exercise and certain mental health indicators, epidemiological research has focused primarily on the dose–response effect of a single type of exercise, overlooking potential differences across exercise types in their associations with overall and specific mental health outcomes.To examine the associations between different types of exercise and multiple mental health outcomes, including depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, suicidal ideation, suicide attempts and nonsuicidal self-injury, and to explore their dose–response relationships in terms of exercise frequency and duration.

A peer-reviewed narrative review published in Brain Medicine draws anthropology, archival history, and comparative genomics into a single frame in order to reassess what industrialization actually did to human sleep. Field data from three hunter-gatherer societies place nightly sleep at roughly 6.4 to 7.1 hours, similar to or shorter than industrialized averages, which shifts the argument away from duration and toward timing, regularity, and circadian alignment. The synthesis reconsiders the segmented sleep hypothesis, follows conserved regulators such as DEC2 and hypocretin across lineages, and reviews evidence that urban noise, light, heat, and housing distribute sleep health unequally. Split sleep remains untested.

Scientific evidence alone does not automatically change human behavior. While the scientific community has reached broad consensus that infectious pathogens, such as viruses can spread through airborne transmission, one critical challenge remains: How can scientific evidence be transformed into public understanding and meaningful action for effective prevention and control of airborne diseases?

Published in Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, a Nature Portfolio journal, an international study led by researchers of Aerosol Science Research Center, National Sun Yat-sen University, Taiwan provides one of the first large-scale evidence-based evaluations of how different science communication formats influence scientific understanding and preventive health behaviors. Using the original educational resource "The Quest of the Virosols", developed by the Aerosol Science Research Center at National Sun Yat-sen University (NSYSU), the study compared plain text, explainer comics, and animation among 3,217 participants from Taiwan, Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines, including healthcare professionals, educators, and university students.

The findings demonstrate that while all three communication formats improved scientific knowledge, animation was the most effective in promoting understanding, strengthening empathy and risk perception, and motivating preventive health behaviors. The study further shows that effective science communication extends beyond information delivery—it transforms scientific knowledge into understanding, understanding into empathy, and empathy into action.

Beyond COVID-19, these findings highlight science communication as an essential component of pandemic preparedness, public health communication, disease prevention, environmental health, sustainability, and evidence-informed policymaking. By fostering human capacities aligned with the Inner Development Goals (IDGs), effective science communication can also accelerate progress toward multiple United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), strengthening more resilient, informed, and sustainable societies.

Science communication is not merely about transferring knowledge. It is about transforming knowledge into understanding, understanding into empathy, and empathy into action.

For decades, scientists have understood proteins primarily through two defining features: their amino acid sequence and their three-dimensional structure. This framework has driven major advances in biology, biotechnology, and medicine, culminating in recent artificial intelligence tools capable of predicting protein structures with remarkable accuracy. Yet a fundamental challenge remains: even when a protein's sequence and structure are known, predicting its function, interactions, and behavior often remains difficult. An international team of researchers from Japan, Finland, Italy, and the United States now reports evidence that part of this missing information may lie in an often-overlooked component of proteins: the highly organized water surrounding them. In a study accepted for publication in Nature Communications, the team provides the first direct three-dimensional visualization of sequence-dependent hydration architectures surrounding peptide assemblies at sub-nanometer resolution using advanced three-dimensional atomic force microscopy (3D-AFM). The findings reveal that water near peptide and protein surfaces is not simply a passive solvent. Instead, it forms highly organized, multilayered structures whose organization is dictated by the underlying amino acid sequence and surface chemistry. These hydration architectures extend multiple layers from the peptide surface and contain distinct structural signatures associated with hydrophobic, polar, aromatic, and charged amino acid residues. 

Developmental disorders, including autism, entail challenges in social life; as the number of affected individuals has risen, this has become a significant societal concern. Using a mouse model, we demonstrate that a mutation in CHD8, a gene associated with autism spectrum disorder, causes abnormal differentiation of ventral progenitor cells, leading to autistic-like behavior in adulthood. This should lead to the elucidation of mechanisms underlying autism onset during brain development and to the advancement of therapeutics.

Researchers from the Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS Medicine), and Tianjin Medical University General Hospital have developed a bioinspired lipid nanoparticle (LNP) that can deliver gene-editing machinery to the liver and reduce low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, commonly known as “bad” cholesterol.

Hematopoietic stem cells can transform into any type of blood cell. However, this ability declines as we age. Recent research at Tohoku University uses AI to guide their deep dive into understanding which genes cause aging in stem cells.