Hematopoietic loss of chromosome Y (LOY) has emerged as one of the most prevalent somatic genomic alterations in aging males, yet its biological significance extends far beyond a mere marker of aging. This comprehensive review synthesizes current understanding of LOY, from its molecular origins in mitotic chromosome mis-segregation to its far-reaching clinical implications. Advances in detection technologies, including single-cell sequencing and bulk genomic approaches, have enabled robust identification of LOY across population scales. The review examines how inherited genetic variation, environmental exposures, and aging collectively contribute to LOY pathogenesis. Large-scale genome-wide association studies have revealed compelling epidemiological links between hematopoietic LOY and cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative conditions, immune disorders, and cancer. Mechanistically, LOY drives altered gene expression, immune dysregulation, and clonal expansion of affected hematopoietic cells. Critically, CRISPR-based mouse and cellular models have recapitulated key disease phenotypes, establishing LOY as a functionally consequential form of somatic mosaicism with profound implications for disease susceptibility and male health disparities.

CAMBRIDGE, Mass., September 2 - Insilico Medicine (“Insilico”; HKEX: 3696), a clinical-stage generative artificial intelligence (AI)-driven drug discovery company, today announced the release of a series of frontier specialist models for chemistry and biology, trained through its MMAI Gym for Science framework. Across chemistry and biology, the models demonstrate state-of-the-art (SOTA) performance on more than 50 benchmark tasks.

Boston University sociologist Sarah Miller discusses her new book on teen bullying, social media, and why schools need to rethink anti-bullying efforts.

A research team from Fujita Health University, Japan, engineered a lab-grown model of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), where the heart’s relaxation function is impaired. Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived tissues were cultured in a medium with abundant fatty acids and L-N^G-nitroarginine methyl ester. This model was used to study HFpEF’s underlying disease processes and treatment options. Among the current treatment options tested, the antidiabetic SGLT2 inhibitors showed improvement in relaxation function.