Statement Highlights: Personalized guidance about the appropriate amount and type of physical activity for children with heart conditions relies on diagnosis, individual risk profile and personal and family goals. Ongoing follow-up and shared decision-making among patients, families and their health care team are critical.

A new study finds that bacteria can actively block the transfer of beneficial genes to neighboring cells, using specialized proteins to specifically destroy shared DNA before it spreads. This challenges the long-held view that bacteria freely exchange genetic material and reveals a more competitive system in which microbes tightly control who gets access to valuable traits, an insight that could help scientists better understand and potentially limit the spread of antibiotic resistance.

Experts in environmental and human health from the University of Plymouth’s newly-established Centre of Environmental Hepatology are investigating whether the presence of microplastics and nanoplastics in the liver is directly contributing to the soaring global rates of liver disease.