More than a decade after the Nagoya Protocol, which aims to fairly share the benefits of utilizing genetic resources, became law, microbiologists and other scientists still face practical challenges and confusion.

A new guide published by a team of European microbiologists provides universally applicable frameworks for anyone working with biological resources.

Using a novel multiscale energy analysis tool, scientists have decoded how energy flows between the stratosphere and mesosphere during the 2023 sudden stratospheric warming (SSW). They found that pressure work acts as a vertical energy bridge, while a process called baroclinic instability consistently transfers energy from large-scale circulation to SSW-scale disturbances. Compared with the 2012–2013 event, the 2023 SSW showed much stronger energy transfers in the mesosphere, highlighting event-specific variability.

In the paper published on Science of Traditional Chinese Medicine (STCM), the authors employed UPLC-MS/MS technology and elucidated the processing principle of rhubarb pieces based on in vivo profile of components. This study comprehensively analyzed the dynamic in vivo changes of prototype anthraquinones and their glucuronide metabolites in rhubarb from the perspectives of absorption, distribution, and excretion. It proposed that processing can reduce the exposure of components, achieve targeted distribution in the intestine, and accelerate the excretion of components, thereby clarifying the processing mechanism of 'raw rhubarb purges while steamed rhubarb moderates'. This provides a solid research perspective for the study of the processing principles of traditional Chinese medicine.