Beneath the ice of West Antarctica lie natural records of past climate variability, containing sediments deposited during warmer periods when the region was partly or entirely ice-free. 

An international team co-led by a researcher from ETH Zurich and the Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL) has now retrieved the longest sediment core ever drilled from beneath an ice sheet, using a custom-designed drilling system. 

The 228 metre-long core contains geological evidence and fossils of marine organisms that indicate a previously open, ice-free ocean. This archive provides new insights into how sensitive the West Antarctic Ice Sheet is to a warming climate. 

Triceratops and similar horned dinosaurs had unusually large nasal cavities compared to most animals. Researchers including those from the University of Tokyo used CT scans of fossilized Triceratops skulls and compared their structures with modern animals like birds and crocodiles. Through direct observation and inference, researchers reconstructed how nerves, blood vessels and structures for airflow fit together in the skulls. They concluded horned dinosaurs probably used their noses not just for smelling but also to help control temperature and moisture. 

A research team led by Professor William Mitch of Stanford University and Prof. Yong Sik Ok and Dr. Yoora Cho of Korea University, in collaboration with Prof. Jay Hyuk Rhee of Korea University Business School and the International ESG Association, has introduced a new framework to curb greenwashing in ESG reporting. Published in Nature Water, the study presents the Water Sustainability Index, a transparent, quantitative metric designed to strengthen corporate water accountability worldwide.