The rapid clinical validation of mRNA technology during the COVID‑19 pandemic has powerfully accelerated its application in oncology, and this comprehensive review provides a state‑of‑the‑art assessment of mRNA cancer vaccines. It systematically covers the molecular design principles of synthetic mRNA, the diverse antigen‑targeting strategies (from conventional tumor‑associated antigens to patient‑specific neoantigens and non‑canonical sources), the major delivery platforms (lipid nanoparticles, lipoplexes, protamine complexes, and cell‑based systems), and the mechanistic pathways by which these vaccines activate both cellular and humoral antitumor immunity. The review then synthesizes preclinical and clinical evidence across solid tumors—melanoma, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, non‑small cell lung cancer, prostate cancer, glioblastoma—and hematologic malignancies, including acute myeloid leukemia, myelodysplastic syndromes, and multiple myeloma. It also critically discusses current challenges, such as the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, delivery barriers, and manufacturing complexities, before outlining future directions that involve next‑generation delivery systems, artificial intelligence‑driven vaccine design, and combination strategies with immune checkpoint inhibitors and adoptive T‑cell therapies.

Mono-ubiquitination of histone H2A lysine 119 (H2AK119Ub): its multifaceted role in biology and implication in diseases

With the growing demand for full-field three-dimensional deformation measurement of complex structures in aerospace, civil engineering, advanced manufacturing, biomechanics, and related fields, the trade-off between measurement coverage and measurement uncertainty in conventional binocular stereo digital image correlation (stereo-DIC) has become increasingly prominent. This challenge is particularly evident in the measurement of large-scale structures, complex curved surfaces, and full-circumference surfaces, where a single binocular system often struggles to achieve both a large field of view and high measurement accuracy. To address this issue, multi-camera stereo digital image correlation (multi-camera stereo-DIC), based on synchronous image acquisition and a unified coordinate system, has emerged as an effective solution. By adopting a distributed measurement architecture, this method divides the target surface into multiple subregions, captures them with multiple stereo-DIC subsystems, and integrates the results into a global coordinate system. In this way, it helps overcome the field-of-view limitations of conventional stereo-DIC and provides a promising technical pathway for large-FOV, panoramic, multi-scale, high-dynamic-range, and high-speed deformation measurements. This review systematically summarizes the technical foundations, key advances, representative applications, current challenges, and future directions of multi-camera stereo-DIC, offering a clear technical roadmap and valuable reference for related research and engineering applications.

In the latest in a series of studies showing how lab-raised fish differ from those raised in more natural environments, researchers found that medaka maintained in more natural settings ovulated earlier than those in the laboratory. These findings highlight the challenges of inferring natural behavior from that observed in the laboratory.