Organizational capabilities are important for growth, innovation, and competitive advantage. However, these capabilities are difficult to measure, limiting empirical research. Using financial data from ~45,000 Indian firms and a nestedness algorithm, researchers have created and tested a new approach to quantify firm capabilities and rank their position on a “capabilities ladder.” Analysis revealed a nested hierarchy of capabilities ranging from basic to advanced. With further insights, the study holds relevant implications for organizations and governments.

Some plants are thought to supplement their carbon needs by obtaining carbon through underground fungal networks connected to other plants. This symbiotic relationship is known as mycoheterotrophy. Researchers from Chiba University found evidence that Gentiana squarrosa, a Gentian family plant, can receive carbon through arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal networks in addition to photosynthesis. The findings support the existence of partial mycoheterotrophy and could improve understanding of underground plant–fungus interactions.

Researchers have verified an experimental method that separates the cohesive and frictional contributions to the mechanical behavior of early-age concrete. Published in Smart Construction, the study shows that the loss of macroscopic shear strength and stiffness in 3-day concrete is fundamentally linked to the irreversible dissipation of cohesive strength, while frictional effects become increasingly dominant as damage develops.

Scientists from HSE University, MSU, and Tallinn University of Technology have studied a fossil species of ancient brachiopods that lived in a warm sea in what is now northern Estonia more than 445 million years ago. These ancient brachiopods developed a cup-shaped shell with a protective 'cap' that shielded them from overgrowth by other marine organisms. The study has been published in Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology.