Most AI diagnostic tools are black boxes, but the new approach allows doctors and patients to understand how the computer reached a diagnosis.

The BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Awards in Economics, Finance and Management has gone in this seventeenth edition to Olivier Blanchard (Paris School of Economics and MIT), Jordi Galí (CREI and Pompeu Fabra University), and Michael Woodford (Columbia University) for “profoundly influencing modern macroeconomic analysis by establishing rigorous foundations for the study of business cycle fluctuations.”

The Chinese Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Mother-to-child Transmission of Hepatitis B Virus, developed by the Chinese Society of Infectious Diseases of the Chinese Medical Association in 2019, serves as a valuable reference for standardizing the prevention of mother-to-child transmission in China. As new evidence continues to emerge, it is essential to update these guidelines regularly to optimize clinical practice and research. To this end, the Infectious Disease Physician Branch of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association and the Chinese Society of Infectious Diseases of the Chinese Medical Association, in collaboration with multidisciplinary experts, have updated the guidelines based on the latest domestic and international research advancements and clinical practices, providing up-to-date guidance for clinicians and maternal and child healthcare workers.

Making enemies isn’t random. Traits like emotional instability, aggression, and disruptive behavior early in life can lead to antagonistic relationships. Research on students aged 9-14 found that negative behaviors, such as lack of empathy, increase the likelihood of mutual antagonisms, a pattern seen across genders and school levels. Emotionally struggling students were 35% more likely to develop enemies, showing that how we manage emotions and interact with others early on can have lasting social and emotional effects.

The study, which examined the relationship between childhood exposure to trauma and vascular dysfunction among more than 400 Black adults in Atlanta ages 30 to 70, found that women who experienced childhood trauma had a worse vascular function, a preclinical marker of heart disease, while men had none. In addition, the findings indicated that women may be more vulnerable to a larger cumulative stress burden, eliciting varying physiological stress responses. Childhood trauma in women can cause arterial stiffness, or an impaired artery function of the cardiovascular system, contributing to major cardiac events, such as stroke and heart attack. It also contributes to heart disease, high blood pressure, and a malfunctioning small blood vessel system, which could damage tissues in the kidneys or brain.