Brooklyn College/CUNY Graduate Center Associate Professor of Anthropology Stephen Chester and a team of researchers have uncovered fascinating new details about Mixodectes pungens, a long-mysterious mammal that roamed North America in the early Paleocene—just after the extinction of the dinosaurs.

The first-ever published research on Tinshemet Cave reveals that Neanderthals and Homo sapiens in the mid-Middle Paleolithic Levant not only coexisted but actively interacted, sharing technology, lifestyles, and burial customs. These interactions fostered cultural exchange, social complexity, and behavioral innovations, such as formal burial practices and the symbolic use of ochre for decoration. The findings suggest that human connections, rather than isolation, were key drivers of technological and cultural advancements, highlighting the Levant as a crucial crossroads in early human history.