Scores from neuropsychological assessments (in-depth, standardized evaluations of how a person's brain functions in various cognitive areas) are widely used to identify underlying cognitive abilities. However, a single score representing a specific cognitive domain often obscures the diverse strategies individuals may employ to complete the test. Additionally, reliance solely on scores can hide subtle cognitive changes, which are especially critical for early detection of cognitive disorders.

A new study from researchers at Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine and the VA Boston Healthcare System has found how people complete cognitive tests — including the small mistakes they make and the strategies they use — can predict who will later develop dementia, even years before diagnosis.

At present, only around 5% of patients with colon cancer are candidates for immunotherapy. This new biomarker could make it possible to determine more accurately which individuals may receive this treatment with a likelihood of success and expand the number of patients who could benefit from it. The study, led by the Hospital del Mar Research Institute and IRB Barcelona, shows that the determination of this protein, CTHRC1, can be used to assess patient prognosis. At the same time, it opens up new avenues to approach this type of tumour. The research team has demonstrated that this biomarker can be detected using routine diagnostic tests in the clinical practice of any Pathology service. 

Researchers at Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine have found that stopping mass drug administration for Lymphatic Filariasis (LF) was associated with an increase in infections from other parasitic worms, threatening disease control efforts. 

The study, published in PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, suggests that once wider community treatment programmes for LF ended, school-aged children were nearly twice as likely to be infected with the intestinal roundworm Ascaris lumbricoides. 

The USC research team that recently identified the hormone-encoding gene GDF15 as a key driver of pregnancy sickness has identified 9 additional genes linked to its most severe form, hyperemesis gravidarum (HG).  Six of these genes had not been previously linked to the condition. Growing evidence shows HG has a strong biological and genetic basis and can lead to severe malnourishment, putting both mother and baby at risk. In the largest genetic study of HG to date, researchers from the Keck School of Medicine of USC and their international collaborators conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 10,974 women with the condition and 461,461 controls across European, Asian, African and Latino ancestries. The findings, just published in Nature Genetics, offer new clues about the condition and new hope for those affected.  The researchers identified 10 genes linked to HG—four previously identified and six new. The strongest link by far was to growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), a gene that produces a hormone of the same name, which rises sharply during pregnancy. The other genes identified relate to key pregnancy hormones, appetite and nausea, insulin and metabolism, how the brain learns and adapts, and certain pregnancy outcomes. The findings reveal new potential treatment targets and could possibly also help match existing medications to patients based on their genetic profiles. The research team also just received approval to launch a clinical trial of metformin, a widely used diabetes medicine that increases GDF15 levels. The study will test whether taking metformin before pregnancy can desensitize women to the hormone, potentially reducing nausea and vomiting or preventing HG in women who have had it before.