The prevalence of chronic heart failure, affecting 6.7 million U.S. adults, is expected to increase. Despite rapid advance in therapeutics, chronic heart failure continues to have a high rate of morbidity and mortality. In recent years, the gut microbiome has emerged as a                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   promising new frontier for understanding health and disease.

Being made to feel different, lesser, or unwanted can be a common experience for many minority groups. When people are excluded or denied full social acceptance because they are perceived as having a “lesser” status or value, they can often internalise these beliefs, or stigma. Researchers at Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University (XJTLU) investigated this internalisation, known as self-stigma, among university students. They found that, over time, students with higher levels of mindfulness had lower self-stigma and fewer depressive symptoms.