Salmon are becoming river ‘ghosts’ as brutal droughts and violent floods cause unprecedented losses on their treacherous journey to the Pacific Ocean, scientists say.

Scientists at TU Wien have uncovered a surprisingly fast way for rocks to lock away CO₂: a thin layer of water on mineral surfaces can activate CO₂ and trigger its direct conversion into solid carbonate—without the slow dissolution steps long thought necessary. Using atomic-scale microscopy, they provide the first direct evidence for this mechanism. The finding helps explain why CO₂ can mineralize much faster in nature than expected—and could inform more efficient carbon storage technologies.

After nearly four decades, the world’s longest-running soil warming experiment is revealing a surprising result: even ‘stable’ carbon in forest soils can break down as temperatures rise, releasing more CO₂ into the atmosphere.

28 April 2026 / Kiel. How much of the essential trace element iron remains available for marine life in the ocean depends critically on the diversity of organic molecules in seawater. This is shown by new research published in Nature Communications by an international team led by Dr Martha Gledhill from the GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel. The study demonstrates for the first time that the formation of iron minerals and the distribution of dissolved and particulate iron in the South Pacific can be realistically predicted when the chemical complexity of organic matter is taken into account. These findings provide an important basis for understanding how marine life may respond to a warmer and more acidic future ocean.

Climate extremes are adversely affecting cacao production. A recent study by Hasanuddin University highlights the potential of multistrata shade structures in addressing these challenges. Researchers show how a mix of shade trees—such as coconut, banana, and Gliricidia sepium—can help cacao plants grow better and become more resilient. These trees can improve soil fertility and help cacao plants cope with environmental variability—offering a pathway toward more resilient and sustainable smallholder agriculture.

Rivers worldwide are under severe stress: They are warming, losing oxygen and as a result emitting increasing amounts of greenhouse gases. Researchers at Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) have now quantified these global trends over a period of more than two decades. Their results show that rising temperatures and anthropogenic land use are fundamentally transforming river systems, with serious consequences for the climate. The findings have been published in Global Change Biology. (DOI: 10.1111/gcb.70828)