For decades, biodiversity has been known to peak near the equator. But a new study reveals a striking exception: certain trematode parasites are more common in cooler, temperate waters. By tracking infections across snails, crabs and fish, researchers found that host movement, local conditions and temperature shape where parasites thrive. In warmer regions, infections are more lethal; in cooler waters, hosts survive longer, allowing parasites to persist – offering new insight into how ecosystems function and how disease may shift with climate change.

Global environmental degradation, driven by increasing carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions and expanding ecological footprints, presents a critical planetary risk. This situation is frequently linked to heavy reliance on non-renewable energy and substantial economic activity. Focusing on Indonesia, a significant player in Southeast Asia, a recent investigation explores the nuanced relationships between non-renewable energy (coal, gas, and oil), renewable energy, economic growth, and capital formation, and their influence on CO₂ emissions and the ecological footprint over a span of nearly six decades. The collaborative work, led by Ghalieb Mutig Idroes and Irsan Hardi, with contributions from Md. Hasanur Rahman, Mohd Afjal, Teuku Rizky Noviandy, and Rinaldi Idroes from Universitas Syiah Kuala and affiliated institutions, offers crucial insights for Indonesia’s path toward environmental sustainability.