Fetal exposure to vape liquids linked to changes in skull shape
Peer-Reviewed Publication
Updates every hour. Last Updated: 28-Aug-2025 19:11 ET (28-Aug-2025 23:11 GMT/UTC)
In utero exposure to two liquid ingredients in e-cigarettes – minus the nicotine that drives addiction – can alter skull shape during fetal development, a new study in mice has found.
New research from the University of Chicago shows that a deceptively simple mathematical model can describe how the soil responds to environmental change. Using just two variables, the model shows that changes in pH levels consistently result in three distinct metabolic states of the community.
Layered sodium manganese oxide (NaMnO2), especially its β-phase, has received considerable attention for use as cathodes in sodium-ion batteries. However, β-NaMnO2 exhibits stacking faults (SFs), which severely reduce its cycling stability. In a new study, researchers studied how copper-doping can eliminate SFs in β-NaMnO2, significantly improving cycling stability. This strategy can lead to the development of longer-lasting sodium-ion batteries, leading to more affordable energy-storage solutions.