Fluorescent markers are extremely useful in science as tools to track molecules or processes as they carry out their unique activities, revealing unknown facts along the way. However, physically introducing fluorescent markers into targets can result in strong background signals, and even when chemically bound, the target’s hydrophobicity may increase, making the process far from straightforward. Moreover, fluorescent markers are often affected by the properties of the solvent in which they operate. To address these challenges, researchers have developed a method to track the behavior of cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) by conjugating water-compatible fluorescent amino acids to the CNFs. As a result, observers can now microscopically visualize CNFs by following the blue fluorescence emitted from them.

Researchers demonstrate a current-induced magnetization switching originated from weakly asymmetric topological surface states, without the need for injected spin current, in epitaxial MnSb2Te4 thin films. Additionally, they observe field-free switching in MnSb2Te4/FeTe0.9 heterostructures.

A research team has identified a key gene, CsCHLI, that plays a central role in chlorophyll biosynthesis and leaf coloration in tea plants.

Kyoto, Japan -- Black holes embody the ultimate abyss. They are the most powerful sources of gravity in the universe, capable of dramatically distorting space and time around them. When disturbed, they begin to "ring" in a distinctive pattern known as quasinormal modes: ripples in space-time that produce detectable gravitational waves.

In events like black hole mergers, these waves can be strong enough to detect from Earth, offering a unique opportunity to measure a black hole's mass and shape. However, precise calculation of these vibrations through theoretical methods has proven a major challenge, particularly for vibrations that are rapidly weakening.

This inspired a team of researchers at Kyoto University to try a new method of calculating the vibrations of black holes. The scientists applied a mathematical technique called the exact Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin, or exact WKB analysis to carefully trace the behavior of waves from a black hole out into distant space. While this method has long been studied in mathematics, its application to physics -- especially to black holes -- is still a newly developing area.