Critical Path Institute today announced a research collaboration with the University of Arizona to investigate the cellular mechanisms that drive Parkinson’s disease in women. The two-year project, led by Lalitha Madhavan, M.D., Ph.D., Professor of Neurology, at the University of Arizona, will compare brain cells grown from women and men living with Parkinson’s to look for biological differences that may help explain why the disease presents and progresses differently between the sexes.

A new study seeks to challenge the conventional view of a honey bee colony. By viewing colonies as superorganisms, the fundamental biology of the honey bee colony is redefined. These insights may have implications for modern beekeeping.

Accurate chromosome segregation is essential for cell division and plant reproduction. Researchers found that rice has three CDC20 proteins that work redundantly to control the transition from metaphase to anaphase during both mitosis and meiosis. Different CDC20 mutations caused defects at distinct stages of cell division, revealing stage-specific requirements for this key cell-cycle regulator.

Why do the gut microbiomes of people from industrialized and non-industrialized regions differ? A study by the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) in collaboration with the European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), the University of Trento (Italy), and the University of Tübingen shows that diet alone does not explain these differences. In artificially assembled gut communities, the team examined numerous dietary components and demonstrated that plant-based dietary fiber shifted the balance in favor of the bacterium Segatella copri, which is particularly common in non-industrialized regions. However, the effect also depended on which other bacteria were present. The results were published in the journal Nature Microbiology.

A new study suggests that common antifungal medicines used during pregnancy may be associated with changes in hormone production in the foetus. However, the researchers cannot yet say whether the differences observed have consequences for the children later in life.