Vitamin K has long been linked to bone health, but its precise role remained unclear. A new study shows that vitamin K-dependent γ-carboxylation in osteoblasts regulates bone breakdown through the signaling protein, GAS6. In male mice, blocking this pathway increased bone mass by reducing osteoclast formation, while elevated GAS6 enhanced bone resorption. The findings uncover a previously unknown communication pathway between osteoblasts and osteoclasts, offering insights into osteoporosis and future skeletal therapies.

IBD, which comprises the inflammatory conditions Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, affects about 1.6 million Americans, many of whom cannot be effectively treated. This mostly is due to a lack in understanding of what exactly causes the increased inflammation, fibrosis, and compromised intestinal barrier that underlie this disease and its manifold symptoms. 

 

A new study, published in Nature Biomedical Engineering and led by Wyss Founding Director Donald Ingber, developed donor-specific microfluidic Organ Chip models of colon that replicate major hallmarks of IBD in vitroin an unprecedented way. Their approach pinpointed new drivers of IBD progression and, for the first time, demonstrated a direct impact of pregnancy hormones on IBD severity in female IBD patient chips and recapitulated the enhanced initiation of cancer formation in IBD tissues.

Technology that converts carbon dioxide (CO₂) into fuels and plastic feedstocks using electricity is gaining attention as a core technology in the era of carbon neutrality. In particular, ethylene and ethanol are high-value materials widely used in the production of plastics, fuels, and chemical products, but until now, the only metal that has effectively produced them has essentially been copper (Cu). Through this study, Korean researchers have revealed the limitations of existing catalyst theories that have explained this principle.

Hair, nails, and horns, all made up of keratin, are some of the hardest and most resilient structures in animals. Inside zebrafish cells, keratin plays a distinct role, giving them the strength they need to move together as a coherent tissue while modulating the driving forces behind their movement during early development. But what happens when keratin is missing? A new study from the Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA), published in Nature Communications, reveals how crucial this protein is for life itself.

Cows show visual preference for new human faces over a familiar one and can match a known handler’s voice to their face, according to a study published May 20, 2026 in the open-access journal PLOS One by Océane Amichaud of INRAE in Nouzilly, France, and colleagues.