Traditional herbal medicines (THMs) are widely used globally, but herb‑induced liver injury (HILI) remains underreported and poorly understood. Current pharmacovigilance systems fail to address product heterogeneity, nomenclature confusion, and regulatory gaps. This review proposes an integrated framework combining "omics" (genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics) with artificial intelligence (AI) to transform herbal safety into a personalized, evidence‑based system. By identifying genetic susceptibilities, metabolic biomarkers, and phytochemical fingerprints, this approach enables risk stratification, early signal detection, and improved causality assessment, bridging traditional practice with modern precision medicine.
