An AI assistant for high-entropy alloy (HEA) electrocatalysis named ChatHEA provided a helping hand not just to extract data from the literature, but provide suggestions for promising catalysts, design experiments, and analyze data.

Kyoto, Japan -- Forests are shaped by light competition. The trees that grow the tallest have access to the most sunlight, blocking the rays and rendering the shaded space around them inhospitable to shorter trees below. In this stem exclusion phase of forest succession, the shorter trees often die. Yet scientists have observed that in old growth forests, trees of vastly different sizes successfully coexist, proving that reaching the top of the canopy is not the sole winning strategy for survival in a forest environment.

The height diversity of trees in mature forests indicates that light competition and species coexistence can balance out in forest succession. To understand how, quantifying light competition among trees is essential, but the complex architectural structures of natural forests and individual crowns have hindered rigorous scientific evaluation. A team of researchers from Kyoto University resolved to take on the challenge and solve this mystery.

"The competition for light among trees is frequently referred to as an evolutionary arms race, but trees of vastly different sizes successfully coexist in mature forests," says first author Yusuke Onoda. "We became interested in this paradox."

Researchers at The University of Osaka have developed an improved technique called “tapping-mode scanning probe electrospray ionization” (t-SPESI), allowing the analysis of regions within individual cells with greater sensitivity and stability. Through device miniaturization and molecular modification of the probe surface, the team achieved higher sensitivity and long-term stability, successfully visualizing lipid distributions in mouse brain tissue at a pixel size of 5 µm.

Researchers have traced the journey of a plastic bottle cap recovered near the waters of southern Japan by combining data from the label, chemical clues in tiny shells, and ocean current simulations. They found 307 organisms, including a polychaetae worm not found in Japanese waters before. The findings, published in Marine Pollution Bulletin, show that when species that significantly shape their environments (ecosystem engineers) colonize plastic debris, entire micro-communities can be transported over extended periods, with implications for invasive species risk and marine biodiversity conservation. 

Large bored piles are widely used to support bridges, high-rise buildings, and transport infrastructure, but estimating their capacity in weathered rock remains uncertain. Researchers from Shibaura Institute of Technology analyzed 20 instrumented static load tests on piles socketed in weathered siltstone and sandstone. Their findings provide field-calibrated adhesion factors and weathering-adjusted shaft-resistance correlations, enabling safer, more economical foundation designs while reducing unnecessary concrete and steel use.

Quasicrystals are neither conventional crystals nor amorphous solids, and their magnetic behavior remained a mystery. Researchers have now created the first bulk, annealable ferromagnetic quasicrystals and uncovered an unexpected form of magnetic critical behavior. The results show that the quasicrystal magnetism is controlled by both quasiperiodic structure and spin symmetry, establishing new design principles for magnetic quasicrystalline materials. These materials can form the foundation for new magnetic and quantum functional materials.

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are important therapeutic targets for numerous diseases. However, developing highly selective drugs for GPCRs remains a challenge. Researchers have now developed a new platform termed extracellular vesicle (EV)-Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment, which uses EVs to efficiently isolate potent DNA aptamers. Using this method, they identified an analgesic aptamer that targets µ-opioid receptor to mimic morphine-like activity, demonstrating the platform’s potential in accelerating drug discovery for GPCR-related conditions

The evolutionary paths that created snatching forelimbs in insects multiple times moved in a similar direction but didn’t end up at a single solution. The Kobe University research is a pioneering study of how organs with similar functions evolve, providing a new analytical approach to identify evolutionary dynamics quantitatively.

Understanding nanoparticle morphology is essential for elucidating their physical behavior and functional performance. Such morphological characterization of nanoparticles is important for understanding structure–function relationships in colloidal and bionano systems. Here, we present a deep-learning-based framework that enables nanoparticle morphology classification from standard nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) data by integrating features derived from single-particle Brownian-motion trajectories and temporal fluctuations in scattered-light intensity. The combined feature representation consistently improved binary (two-category) classification performance across all particle-type combinations, reducing the low-accuracy cases observed in single-feature models and achieving accuracies exceeding 0.82 with 100-frame data. For three-class classification, the per-class correctness averaged approximately 80%. The integrated approach maintained stable performance even with limited particle counts or short data lengths (down to ∼20 frames), underscoring its robustness for practical scenarios such as biomedical diagnostics, rare-material analysis, and environmental nanoparticle monitoring. These capabilities highlight its practical relevance for applications such as extracellular vesicle characterization and nanomedicine quality control. By integrating complementary trajectory- and scattering-intensity-based descriptors, this framework offers a reliable and practical route to scalable, morphology-resolved nanoparticle analysis in liquid media using standard NTA measurements.

In most materials, heat absorption and heat emission are linked, meaning a surface that absorbs thermal radiation well from a particular direction will also emit it in the same way. A team from OMU in Japan has designed a reconfigurable device that breaks this symmetry, enabling heat to be absorbed and emitted differently depending on the direction of absorption. This technology could eventually lead to smarter thermal-management systems and infrared sensors.