Researchers at Carnegie Mellon University and the University of Toronto have developed a new k-mer sketching metagenomic profiler, called sylph, that allows scientists to analyze genomic data more quickly and precisely than other profilers.

"Sequencing is getting better, which is great because it means we have more data to work with," said Yun William Yu, an assistant professor in CMU's Ray and Stephanie Lane Computational Biology Department in the School of Computer Science. "But that also means we have more data to check, which can take more time."

For example, when profiling a sample from the human gut to determine the bacteria present, other methods read the sequenced genomic data; match it to specific bacteria, such as E. coli or C.diff; and then determine the proportion of these bacteria in the sample. Sylph reverses the process by comparing known bacteria to the sample. The method breaks bacterial genomes into smaller subsamples, called k-mers, which are then compared to the initial sample. If a certain proportion of one subsample is found, sylph can conclude that bacteria is present.

Researchers at Oxford University have developed a new method to extract fluorine from fluorspar (CaF₂) using oxalic acid and a fluorophilic Lewis acid in water under mild reaction conditions.

This technology enables direct access to fluorochemicals, including commonly used fluorinating agents, from both fluorspar and lower-grade metspar, eliminating reliance on the supply chain of hazardous hydrogen fluoride (HF).

The findings are published today in the journal Nature.