A novel defect-engineered Pt/Nb₂O₅ photocatalyst achieves record-breaking efficiency for the co-production of 2-methylbenzimidazole and hydrogen through a hydroxyethyl radical-mediated pathway. By engineering oxygen vacancies and decorating with Pt nanoparticles, researchers demonstrate selective activation of the α-C–H bond in ethanol, bypassing conventional aldehyde intermediates to enhance both catalytic activity and selectivity under mild reaction conditions.

A systematic approach to physically synthesized data generation and its application is proposed for automatic visual inspection of aerospace alloys with complex geometries. Furthermore, the underlying reason why this approach significantly improves defect segmentation accuracy is revealed.

A synthesis of six assessments of first generation of carbon credit projects designed to reduce deforestation has found that although their climate benefits were often oversold tenfold, many played an important role in reducing forest loss.

Researchers suggest improved valuation methods, that better reflect real reductions in deforestation over time, would increase confidence in the critically important market for these credits.