A comprehensive global analysis quantifies the α and β diversity of mixed-species bird flocks (MSBFs) worldwide, uncovering strong latitudinal gradients and key environmental drivers that shape their distribution, with implications for community-focused biodiversity conservation.

Seoul National University College of Engineering announced that a research team led by Prof. Sung-Hoon Ahn of the Department of Mechanical Engineering has developed, for the first time in the world, an “interference acoustic band-pass filter” capable of selectively filtering and amplifying specific frequencies without the use of electronic circuits.

By utilizing a single microphone and an interference-based metamaterial structure, the researchers have demonstrated a technology that enables selective listening to desired frequencies, opening new possibilities for diagnosing machine failures in high-noise industrial environments.

The research findings were published this month in Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, an international journal in the field of mechanical engineering.

Proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers (PEMWEs) are regarded as a potential technology to generate green hydrogen as a renewable energy. Among the benchmarked electrocatalysts used in PEMWEs, IrO₂ exhibits a high stability in a harsh acidic environment but a relatively low activity. It generally requires an Ir loading as high as 2-4 mg_Ir cm^-2 to reach reasonable performance, which however, is uneconomical for such a noble metal for practical application of PEMWEs. As a result, it is urged to reduce iridium loading in PEMWEs while maintain high catalytic performance.

Antimony sulfide (Sb₂S₃) is a competitive photovoltaic material, especially for tandem solar cells. However, the quasi-intrinsic carrier concentration and deep work function of Sb₂S₃ cause serious extraction problem at Sb₂S₃/hole-transport-layer (HTL) interface. In this study, Professor Tang Jiang's Research Group at Huazhong University of Science and Technology proposed an efficient strategy to modify the Sb₂S₃/HTL interface by lead chloride (PbCl₂) post-treatment. Their results demonstrated that Cl can passivate the defect of V_S and Sb_S, and Pb enabled effective p-type doping at the Sb₂S₃ interface with the help of V_S removal. And the synergistic effect of Pb and Cl elements matched well with HTL energy level, facilitated hole extraction and enhanced the interface conductivity. By employing PbCl₂ treatment, the resulting devices obtained a high fill factor (FF) of 66.02%, and a top power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 8.05%.

A comprehensive review in Biological Diversity maps two decades of breakthroughs in Chinese seed plant genetic diversity research, links advances to sequencing technology, identifies key threats from climate change and habitat loss, and proposes a clear agenda to integrate genetics into global biodiversity conservation.