- New observations: Astronomers have used the James Webb Space Telescope to study the atmosphere of a massive Jupiter-analogue.

- Evidence for clouds:  Surprisingly, the observations indicate the presence of water-ice clouds – previous models had been too simple!

- Part of a larger search: Observations and analysis provide a test run for certain challenges of observing a “second Earth”

The Curiosity Mars rover detected many organic compounds, including ones not seen before on the red planet, such as nitrogen- and sulfur-bearing molecules similar to the building blocks of life on Earth.

Photonic circuits are key tools for information processing but scaling them usually requires many optical layers. We demonstrate a programmable free-space photonic platform performing a wide class of translation-invariant, high-dimensional transformations using only three layers. Encoding information in structured light, we realize quantum-walk dynamics over large lattices, distributing a single input into thousands of outputs. The approach supports operation with single photons, highlighting free-space optics as a promising route toward scalable photonic information processing.