When comparing different types of antifouling paints against fouling on leisure boats, the results were the opposite of what many would expect. Of the paints tested, the biocide-free silicone paint worked best, and the paint marketed as environmentally friendly turned out to be extremely toxic. The study, led by Chalmers University of Technology in Sweden, was conducted in Swedish, Danish and French coastal waters, and also showed that coatings with a low copper content can be just as effective as those containing more copper.

Pack enough string-like objects together, and they will begin to align with one another. But replace the strings with worms or bacteria living in your gut, and this self-organisation becomes much more difficult. A team of University of Amsterdam (UvA) researchers have demonstrated that activity can fundamentally alter one of the most important phase transitions in soft matter physics.

Chemists at Brown University have shown the first experimental evidence that carbon buckyballs, which launched the nanotechnology revolution, have a cousin made from 80 atoms of the element boron.

Ammonia is the key ingredient in synthetic fertilisers - we could not feed the world without it. But it takes a lot of energy to synthesize ammonia. TU Wien has now shown: Using special catalysts, ammonia can be produced in a completely different way.

A new catalyst strategy may help unlock the full potential of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) for advanced technologies. By combining iron (Fe) with scandium (Sc), the researchers extended catalyst lifetime to approximately 18 minutes at 900 °C—more than twice that achieved with comparable rare-earth cocatalysts. Sc helped maintain Fe in a stable oxidized state and suppressed catalyst degradation, enabling longer CNT growth under demanding conditions. The findings provide valuable new directions for future catalyst design.

The sensors, which are being developed by soil scientists at Lancaster University and researchers at the University of Colorado Boulder and the University of Manchester, track biological activity in soil by having a degradable substrate that is nibbled on by microbes.

The sensors offer the potential to reveal soil secrets including how they respond to climate events as well as their important role in storing carbon.

Researchers in Spain and Japan tested a broad range of pedestrians in varying group sizes to see whether there were any patterns to their turning behaviors, and what factors influence them if there are. It turns out that the vast majority of people have a preference for counterclockwise turning. Most factors such as culture or gender made little difference. Only age showed a noticeable but small change in that younger people followed this pattern more strongly. This area of research could impact our understanding of the brain, and fields like design, engineering and architecture. The original research, including the initial experiments and analysis, was conducted by the Department of Physics and Mathematics at the University of Navarra in Spain, with additional comparative experiments later carried out in Japan in collaboration with the University of Tokyo team. 

Ultrahot exoplanet, atmospheric differences: Researchers discovered clear differences in the atmosphere between the morning and evening sides of the ultrahot gas planet WASP-121 b using the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST).

Temperature and chemical variations: The evening side absorbs more infrared light due to higher temperatures caused by strong winds moving heat eastward, while water molecules decrease in the evening terminator due to high temperatures breaking them apart.

Planetary rotation and observation method: WASP-121 b’s synchronous rotation reveals different atmospheric regions during transit, allowing scientists to analyse changes in light absorption over time and longitude.