Even under today’s climatic conditions, the long-extinct straight-tusked elephant could still live in Europe. This is the conclusion of a recent study. For this finding, the Sport Ecology research group at the University of Bayreuth combined fossil finds with reconstructions of past climates. The researchers present their findings in the journal Frontiers of Biogeography. 

Mononuclear macrophages serve as the primary target cells for the in vivo metabolism of iron-based nanomaterials. The uptake of nanoparticles by mononuclear macrophages is influenced by various factors, such as particle size, surface charge, and administration route, which subsequently affect the metabolic process. During this process, iron-based magnetic nanomaterials can induce macrophage reprogramming and participate in immune modulation. This is primarily reflected in their regulation of macrophage function through enzyme-like activities, intracellular iron metabolism, cell signaling pathways, mitochondrial energy metabolism, and responses to magnetic fields.