Our brains possess a cognitive mechanism that allows us to quickly recognize faces even with limited visual information. Focusing on this phenomenon, Toyohashi University of Technology investigated how the brain processes ambiguous visual stimuli resembling faces under unconscious conditions. The research team from the Visual Perception and Cognition Laboratory and the Cognitive Neuroengineering Laboratory in the Department of Computer Science and Engineering investigated, utilized a technique called Continuous Flash Suppression (CFS). This method involves rapidly presenting images to one eye to suppress the visual information of the other eye, enabling the study of processing mechanisms for ambiguous images under unconscious conditions. The research revealed that even ambiguous black-and-white stimuli reach consciousness more quickly when they resemble faces. This suggests that the brain responds rapidly even when facial cues are minimal. These findings were published online in the Journal of Vision on September 27, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1167/jov.24.9.18

Sorghum possesses unique lipid profiles and bioactive compounds that support health and meet the demand for health-promoting food products.

In earthquake-prone areas like Japan, there is a need for better prediction of soil stability to mitigate liquefaction risks. Towards this end, researchers have used machine learning models, including artificial neural networks and bagging techniques, to create accurate 3D maps of bearing layers using data from 433 locations in Setagaya, Tokyo. This approach can identify stable construction sites, enhance disaster planning, and contribute to safer urban development, making cities more resilient to liquefaction risks.

Improvements in three-dimensional (3D) scanning have enabled quick and accurate scanning of 3D objects, including cultural heritage objects, as 3D point cloud data. However, conventional edge-highlighting visualization techniques, used for understanding complex 3D structures, result in excessive line clutter, reducing clarity. Addressing these issues, a multinational team of researchers have developed a novel technique, involving independent rendering of soft and sharp edges in 3D structures, resulting in improved clarity and depth perception.

Cultured meat is grown from animal muscle cells, and animal serum is required to promote the growth of these cells. However, the use of serum poses significant challenges because of its high cost and associated ethical concerns. Now, researchers have developed a system where growth factor-secreting liver cells and photosynthetic microorganisms can be grown together to create a low cost, environmentally friendly medium to grow muscle cells without the use of animal serum.

Osaka Metropolitan University researchers have revealed the 3D structure of lab-made light-harvesting complex II (LHCII), a key component in photosynthesis. Using cryo-electron microscopy, they found that artificial LHCII closely mirrors the natural version, advancing research into solar energy harnessing and artificial photosynthesis technologies.