Genetic alterations in TP53 and CDKN2A can shape the immune response during early oral cancer development. Researchers from Tokushima University reveal that imbalanced p53–RB signaling activated the cGAS–STING pathway, allowing increased inflammatory signaling and infiltration of cytotoxic T cells and natural killer cells. This immune response was associated with delayed progression to invasive oral cancer. The findings highlight how specific tumor-suppressor alterations can influence antitumor immunity and progression during early carcinogenesis.

Turbulence is ubiquitous and occurs in our everyday lives on Earth, such as when milk is stirred into coffee, or in the stormy motions of the ocean and the atmosphere. Media in space and astrophysical systems can also develop turbulence, but the physics is different because the medium is in an ionized state (known as the plasma state) and the flow motion is strongly coupled to electromagnetic fields. Furthermore, space plasma is collisionless because the medium is so dilute that the particles do not collide with each other. How does plasma develop into turbulence? How is the fluctuation energy distributed in collisionless turbulence? Turbulence in space plasma remains a mystery in physics.  

An international research team from the Technische Universität Braunschweig and University of Tokyo in cooperation with Tohoku University, Kyushu University, Osaka University, and multinational research institutes has now demonstrated, for the first time, a reversal phenomenon of magnetic field rotation in space turbulence. A structure emerges within the unstructured space plasma. The results are published in The Astrophysical Journal Letters.