Keloids are overgrown scars that often cause chronic pain, itching, and restricted movement, but their biological origins remain unclear. In a recent study, researchers from Japan discovered a distinct subset of fibroblasts that senses mechanical tension through a protein called PIEZO2. These cells drive abnormal extracellular matrix collagen production and lead to scar recurrence, highlighting a potential therapeutic target and opening new avenues for the diagnosis and treatment of keloids.

Root-knot nematodes cause widespread damage to crops, but chemical pesticides that control them also severely harm soil fertility. Soil-dwelling slime mold secretes compounds that repel these nematodes, but their specific nature was unknown. Using novel culturing techniques, researchers have identified 14 compounds of high potency in repelling nematodes, paving the way for the development of non-toxic control methods.

Researchers at The University of Osaka have discovered precursor T follicular regulatory cells (preTfr), comprising 30-50% of circulating Tfr in human blood. preTfr are significantly reduced in severe COVID-19 and sepsis, correlating with increased anti-interferon-gamma autoantibodies and activated atypical B cells. Unlike stable conventional naïve regulatory T cells, preTfr are specifically depleted during severe disease. When stimulated, preTfr up-regulate suppressive molecules including IL-1RA and show enhanced wound healing capacity. Conversely, mRNA vaccination increases preTfr frequency, suggesting controlled immune participation. The findings identify preTfr as a therapeutic target for preventing autoantibody production during severe infections.

Researchers investigated how autoimmune gastritis alters the gastric microbiota and disrupts metabolism, shedding light on mechanisms that contribute to the development of neuroendocrine tumors.

2025 Nobel Laureate in Physiology or Medicine Professor Shimon Sakaguchi at the Immunology Frontier Research Center, The University of Osaka delivered his message on 6 October 2025.2025 Nobel Laureate in Physiology or Medicine Professor Shimon Sakaguchi at the Immunology Frontier Research Center, The University of Osaka delivered his message on 6 October 2025.