Cancer is a major public health problem and represents substantial disparities worldwide. This study reported estimates for 36 cancers across 185 countries by incidence, mortality, 5-year prevalence, mortality-to-prevalence ratio (MPR), and mortality-to-incidence ratio (MIR) to examine its association with human development index (HDI) and gross national income (GNI). Data were collected from the GLOBOCAN 2020. MPR and MIR were calculated by sex, age group, country, and cancer type and then summarized into totals. Segi’s population and global cancer spectrum were used to calculate age- and type-standardized ratios. Correlation analyses were conducted to assess associations. Results showed that breast cancer was the most diagnosed cancer globally. Low- and middle-income countries had high MPR and MIR. Cancers of esophagus, pancreas, and liver had the highest ratios. Males and the older population had the highest ratios. HDI and GNI were positively correlated with incidence and mortality but negatively correlated with MPR/MIR. Substantial disparities in cancer burden were observed among 36 cancer types across 185 countries. Socioeconomic development may contribute to narrowing these disparities, and tailored strategies are crucial for regional- and country-specific cancer control.

In the research, they model the message adversary training process as a cooperative MARL problem, where each adversary obtains the local state of one message sender, then outputs  stochastic actions as message perturbations for each message to be sent to other teammates.

Inflammation of the heart muscle, also known as myocarditis, can be caused by various viral infections. Parvovirus B19, known for inducing rashes in children and infants, has recently drawn attention as a potential risk factor for myocarditis in infants. In this research letter, researchers study and report cases of myocarditis in preschool students caused by parvovirus B19 infections. The letter aims to shed light on the detrimental effect of the disease to increase awareness.

A team led by Prof. SHEN Wenjie and Prof. LI Yong from the Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), collaborating with Prof. LI Weixue from University of Science and Technology of China of CAS and Prof. WANG Yuemin from Karlsruhe Institute of Technology in Germany, successfully regulated the atomic structure of active sites for hydrogenation reaction. 

By performing single-cell transcriptome sequencing of the zebrafish olfactory epithelium, we revealed the heterogeneity of zebrafish olfactory epithelial cell types and the molecular organization of key components in signal transduction of different olfactory sensory neuron subtypes, and characterized the cell population changes and transcriptional changes associated with exposure to alarm substances.

A recent study published in National Science Review reports the discovery of fossilized chewing lice eggs in mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber, offering the earliest direct evidence of parasitic lice feeding on feathers of early stem-group birds. The eggs, attached to enantiornithine feathers, reveal early host-parasite relationships during the Mesozoic. This finding supports the hypothesis that lice evolved parasitism in association with basal birds and provides insights into their early ecological specialization. The research enriches understanding of lice-host coevolution and highlights the role of ancient vertebrates in the evolutionary transition of lice from free-living ancestors to obligate parasites.

A research team led by Prof. WAN Yinhua at the Institute of Process Engineering (IPE) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences has recently developed an innovative mix-charged nanofiltration (NF) membrane featuring horizontal charge distribution, designed specifically for wastewater treatment. This novel membrane exhibits remarkable salt permeation and organic matter retention capabilities as well as antifouling properties, making it particularly effective for treating high-salinity organic wastewater.

How to achieve high-level integration of composite micro-nano structures with different structural characteristics through a minimalist and universal process? In International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing, researchers from Zhejiang University, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, and Aalborg University revealed a controllable ultrafast laser-induced focal volume light field and experimentally succeeded in highly efficient one-step composite structuring in multiple transparent solids based on focal volume optical printing.  Their work reports a highly universal all-optical fabrication of composite micro-nanostructures in various transparent solids with independent controllability in multiple degrees of freedom, expands the current cognition of ultrafast laser-based material modification in transparent solids, and establishes a new scientific aspect of strong-field optics, namely, focal volume optics for composite structuring transparent solids.

A pioneering study has achieved the first-ever telomere-to-telomere genome assembly of Penthorum chinense Pursh, a medicinal plant revered in traditional Chinese medicine for its anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective properties.

A pivotal study has unveiled the critical influence of gibberellins (GAs) in tomato ripening, a process long attributed primarily to ethylene.