the spontaneous polarization, bulk photovoltaic effect, and pyroelectric effect and frequency up-conversion in lithium niobate, which enable unconventional light-to-electricity conversion without external bias. 

Introducing the principle of perfect vortex beam generation using metasurfaces, followed by a discussion on the generation of complex perfect vortex beams, including multi-channel and grafted perfect vortex beams. Subsequently, it explores the applications of perfect vortex beams in particle trapping and optical communication. 

No calibration, no alignment errors: A new laser system images and machines in one step, carving precise shapes in circuits and weeding out bad micro-LEDs with better than 15 µm accuracy—read how it works.

Understanding the internal structure of asteroids is crucial for deciphering their formation and establishing defenses against potential hazard asteroids (PHAs). Ground-based radar, notably the Goldstone observatory operating in the C-band, plays a crucial role in quickly and precisely determining the orbit, size, shape, and rotation rate of PHAs. Whereas, the limited penetration capabilities of C-band electromagnetic waves hinder the exploration of subsurface information such as porosity and internal structure. A recently constructed interferometric array – DAocheng Radio Telescope (DART), previously known as DSRT for short – designed for low-frequency Sun imaging presents a promising tool for probing asteroid interiors. DART is a circular array of 1 km diameter with 313 element antennas, each with an aperture of 6 m. The nominal receiver band is 150 to 450 MHz. Electromagnetic waves in the band can penetrate asteroids to study the subsurface.

Finding accurate locations in dense cities has long challenged satellite-based navigation, where tall buildings and signal blockage often lead to large errors or complete service loss. 

Clostridioides difficile is best known for causing antibiotic-related diarrhea, but a new review from China suggests it may also promote gastrointestinal cancers, especially colorectal cancer (CRC). The authors summarize clinical data, epidemiology, and tumor models showing how recurrent infection, toxins, inflammation, metabolism, and biofilms could reshape the colonic microenvironment. They argue chronic C. difficile infection as a potential driver of colorectal tumorigenesis and a promising biomarker, offering new insights for effective CRC prevention and therapy.

As people age, the brain undergoes multiple changes, increasing the vulnerability to neurological diseases. Early detection of neurological diseases is critical for effective treatment. In a recent study, researchers from China demonstrated that machine learning algorithms integrating imaging, genetic, and clinical data can significantly improve diagnostic accuracy and prediction, enabling timely interventions and better patient outcomes. This approach may transform clinical practice by improving precision, speed, and interpretability in assessing complex brain disorders.

A Chinese Medical Journal review details innovative approaches to overcome solid tumor microenvironment barriers for CAR-T therapy, including vascular normalization, chemokine engineering, physical barrier targeting, and novel delivery methods, alongside key clinical challenges.

As Alzheimer’s disease (AD) becomes more prevalent, scientists are exploring new methods for its early detection. In a recent review, researchers from India outline how neuron-derived extracellular vesicles—tiny membrane-bound particles released by neurons—are emerging as a promising diagnostic tool for AD. The contents of these vesicles carry molecular clues on the health of neurons, and it may soon be possible to use them to predict the onset of AD several years in advance.