The FAST All Sky HI Survey (FASHI) team has released its second data set (DR2), cataloging 156,411 extragalactic neutral hydrogen (HI) sources over ~19,500 square degrees — nearly half the entire sky. The number of detected sources is nearly four times that of the first data release (DR1) and five times that of the Arecibo ALFALFA survey. With a median sensitivity of 0.57 mJy/beam, FASHI DR2 represents the largest and most sensitive blind HI survey ever conducted, providing a landmark dataset for studies of galaxy evolution, cosmology, and large scale structure in the local Universe.

A research team at Southern Medical University reveals a complete pathway running from gut microbiota to liver detoxification enzymes: depression disrupts the *Clostridium*-LCA-PXR-CYP3A11 metabolic axis, causing the gelsemium toxin to accumulate in the body and sharply worsening neurotoxicity

An efficient few-shot framework was developed for large-scale annotation of light-trapped insect images. MLTIDD integrated Grounding DINO, SAM, and SAHI for multi-scale insect detection, while InsectSSRL exploited massive unlabeled insect images to enhance few-shot classification. MLTIDD achieved 79.6% AP50–95 and 90.8% AR, while InsectSSRL achieved 80.35% classification accuracy using only 5% labeled data. The framework reduced expert annotation time by approximately 80%, enabling efficient large-scale dataset construction.

Researchers at Wuhan University developed a molecular-sieve-assisted confined molten-salt route to grow 2.66 nm Na₂Nb₄O₁₁ single-crystal sheets. Devices made from the material combined sensitive ultraviolet detection with millisecond response and stable cycling, and enabled UV imaging and proof-of-concept two-wavelength physical-layer information encoding.

Researchers from Shenzhen University and collaborating institutions have provided a comprehensive review of viologen-linked covalent organic frameworks (Vio-COFs) as an emerging class of charged and redox-active porous materials. With their unique combination of permanent positive charges, reversible viologen redox chemistry, and well-defined porous frameworks, Vio-COFs offer versatile platforms for modulating electron transfer, ion migration, and host–guest interactions. This review highlights recent developments in the design strategies, structural properties, and functional applications of Vio-COFs, emphasizing their potential in catalysis, energy conversion and storage, environmental remediation, and optoelectronics. Overall, the insights presented in this review pave the way for the rational design and engineering of next-generation multifunctional Vio-COF materials.

Researchers from Soochow University in China have developed a fast vapor-deposition strategy to fabricate twisted vertical heterostructures (TVHs) from two-dimensional organic crystals. By precisely controlling the deposition temperature through adjusting diffusion distance, the yield of vertical epitaxial structures is dramatically increased from below 20% to over 70%. The resulting TVHs exhibit a fixed 45° twist angle between crystal layers, enabling color-tunable interlayer coupling emission that ranges from blue to yellow-green. This work provides a practical approach for kinetic control of vertical heteroepitaxy and lays a material foundation for integrated photonics applications.

This study identified developmental stages and regulatory factors underlying stem quality of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) under high-density planting. In two cultivars grown at low and high density, gibberellin (GA)-triggered early stem elongation was found to be associated with delayed secondary cell wall deposition and reduced stem mechanical strength under high density. Foliar application of the GA biosynthesis inhibitor uniconazole at the 10–11 leaf stage delayed GA activation and slowed stem elongation, increasing stem mechanical strength and yield.

The WHO Global Action Plan for Poliovirus Containment, 4th edition (GAPIV) describes the necessary conditions for the containment of poliovirus material in poliovirus-essential facilities (PEFs). The method used for validation of chemical products for poliovirus decontamination in this study was based on processes outlined in European Standard EN14476, as recommended by the WHO GAPIV guidelines. The disinfectants 5 % Microchem Plus and 1 % Virkon®S were evaluated for efficacy against high titre poliovirus in solutions with and without high organic load using an endpoint dilution assay. A poliovirus Sabin 1 strain was used as the reference virus with the titre 8.33 log10 CCID50 (50 % cell culture infectious dose) in 0.1 ml. Microchem Plus only partially inactivated poliovirus and cannot be relied upon as the sole decontaminant. In contrast, Virkon®S performed well for both high titre poliovirus in solutions with and without high organic load, achieving >4 log10 titre reduction for both, making Virkon®S a suitable disinfectant for poliovirus.

Using seawater for large-scale electrolysis offers a highly promising route for sustainable energy systems, but aggressive chloride ions typically cause rapid degradation of conventional anodic catalysts. Researchers from Hainan University and Swinburne University of Technology have developed a self-stabilizing boron-doped high-entropy selenide for the anodic oxygen evolution reaction. By coupling dynamic valence oscillations for active-site protection with a robust selenate layer to repel chloride, this catalyst achieves over 1000 hours of continuous operation at industrial-level currents in a harsh seawater environment.