This review addresses the critical dilemma of balancing strength and ductility in titanium matrix composites (TMCs) by emphasizing the addition of nano-phases. It systematically highlights interfacial engineering and configuration strategy to mitigate interfacial lattice mismatch and agglomeration behavior, offering a roadmap for optimizing mechanical properties. Finally, this review proposes the underlying challenges, development trends and future applications of next-generation TMCs.

In response to the challenge associated with the instability of oxygen vacancies (Vo), this study proposes an In-doped CeO₂ strategy designed to achieve a high concentration of Vo. By forming In-Vo complexes, both the catalytic activity and stability of the material are significantly enhanced.

A multi-scale heterostructure design—combining micrometre-scale grains with nanoscale precipitate networks—enables a TA15-Si-TiB composite to achieve an exceptional synergy of room-temperature ductility and high-temperature strength. This architecture promotes hetero-deformation-induced hardening and strain partitioning, overcoming the strength-ductility trade-off in titanium composites for advanced lightweight applications.

A new synergistic control strategy based on tetragonal–pseudocubic (T–PC) boundaries and ordered /disordered oxygen octahedral tilting boundaries is provided, advancing understanding of the structure and property relationships in piezoelectric materials.

Rational design of reaction interfaces (e.g., coordination characteristics, metal-support interaction, etc) and polymer intermediate status (e.g., folding state, entropy adjustment, etc) with innovative methodological framework being proposed in thermal plastic waste upcycling can significantly foster circular economy and ecological restoration.

A new case report shows that a quick, bedside ultrasound test can detect possible brain abscesses by identifying characteristic lesions. While not a definitive diagnostic tool, this low-cost method could help emergency departments, especially in resource-limited settings, triage patients faster for advanced scans and crucial surgery.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), a spectrum of liver conditions ranging from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis (MASH), fibrosis, and cirrhosis, represents a global health epidemic with no approved pharmacotherapies.

The liver plays a central role in maintaining systemic energy homeostasis during fasting by mobilizing lipid reserves, a process often accompanied by transient hepatic steatosis. Dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1 (DDAH1), a key enzyme metabolizing asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), has been shown to protect against NAFLD under nutrient-overload conditions. However, its role in the physiological context of fasting remained elusive.

The instability of anode catalysts during the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is a central obstacle to commercializing proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzers. In the highly oxidative and acidic anode environment, catalysts suffer from dissolution, mechanical detachment, and impurity-driven degradation—failure modes that are tightly interconnected and cannot be solved through material optimization alone. This perspective evaluates these coupled degradation pathways and the limitations of current material, structural, and system-level strategies. We argue that durable acidic OER requires mechanistic insight under realistic operating conditions and the coordinated advancement of catalyst design, operando characterization, engineering improvements, and data-driven modeling. Such an integrated framework is essential for developing stable anodes and enabling large-scale, long-lifetime PEM electrolyzers.