Researchers have built the first photonic computing chip that simultaneously exploits 32 wavelengths, 3 spatial modes, and 2 polarizations—192 parallel channels in total. The chip supports dynamically reconfigurable convolution kernels up to 13×13, enabling multi‑scale feature extraction and structured noise suppression. It achieves an experimental throughput of 15.36 TOPS, paving the way for high‑precision optical AI in computer vision and biomedical imaging.

Autophagy plays a cell-specific, bidirectional role in neuropathic pain-protective in some contexts but potentially detrimental in others. This review maps the complex regulatory network across neurons, astrocytes, and microglia, and critically evaluates therapeutic strategies targeting this cellular process, offering a roadmap for developing precision treatments.

As humanity enters the era of long‑term crewed deep‑space exploration, understanding the brain’s adaptive mechanisms to extreme environments such as microgravity and radiation has become a critical issue in space medicine. Previous studies using magnetic resonance imaging have revealed structural brain plasticity after spaceflight, including ventricular expansion and changes in grey matter volume. However, knowledge of dynamic changes at the neurophysiological level remains limited, and most existing evidence comes from group‑level analyses of long‑duration missions (e.g., six months), leaving the specific neurofunctional impact of short‑duration missions on individuals unclear. Conventional neuroimaging equipment is bulky and cannot be used in orbit. In contrast, electroencephalography (EEG) is portable, low‑cost, and repeatable, and has shown sensitivity in neurological conditions such as concussion, but its application in the extreme spaceflight environment has not been reported. Therefore, validating the feasibility of portable EEG technology for monitoring individual brain function before and after short‑duration spaceflight holds significant practical value for building future in‑orbit brain health assessment systems in deep‑space exploration.

Homeostatic Medicine, as an emerging integrative discipline, is driving a profound shift in medical paradigms from the traditional "eradication of pathogenic factors" to the "restoration of inherent homeostasis" by decoding the core mechanisms of the body's self-regulation. This discipline redefines the essence of health and disease, offering a novel theoretical framework and clinical intervention strategies for disease prevention and treatment.

Researchers from Chongqing Medical University discovered that excessive fibrin deposition drives chronic gum inflammation in diabetes by disrupting immune-epithelial crosstalk. By utilizing an engineered peptide (377P) to block fibrin-macrophage interactions, the team successfully suppressed inflammation, restored the mucosal barrier, and promoted alveolar bone healing in diabetic mice. This study identifies fibrin as a druggable target for diabetic periodontitis and potentially other systemic diabetic complications.

The M-channel, a heteromeric K_v7 potassium channel primarily assembled from KCNQ2 and KCNQ3 subunits, serves as a critical ‘molecular brake’ that restrains neuronal hyperexcitability. Dysfunction of M-channels is associated with developmental and epileptic encephalopathies, underscoring their importance as therapeutic targets.

Despite their physiological and clinical significance, structural insights into heteromeric M-channels have remained elusive. Previous studies were limited to homomeric KCNQ channels, leaving fundamental questions regarding subunit assembly and pharmacological modulation unresolved. On May 27, 2026, Huang and Fan’s team at the Shenzhen Medical Academy of Research and Translation (SMART) reported high-resolution cryo-EM structures of human heteromeric M-channels in Vita, revealing their assembly architectures and a previously unrecognized PIP₂-assisted cooperative gating mechanism.

A landmark research protocol establishes China’s first standardized operational protocol (SOP) for fetal brain tissue banking, addressing critical gaps in ethical oversight, sample quality control, and technical consistency to provide a unified framework that enhances research reproducibility and accelerates neuroscience discovery in neurodevelopmental disorders.