A PtIn nanoalloy catalyst supported on Sn MFI zeolite was designed, which exhibits remarkable performance in the selective oxidation of glycerol to lactic acid under base-free conditions. Notably, the PtIn/Sn-MFI catalyst shows a faster initial reaction rate than its monometallic Pt/Sn-MFI counterpart. The synergy between electron-rich PtIn alloy and Lewis acid Sn sites enables remarkable stability and activity, offering a sustainable route for glycerol valorization.

Hybrid nanomaterials (HNMs) have become more interesting to researchers for various optoelectronic and biological applications. In response, this investigation focuses on the impact of loading ratios of (0, 1 %, 3 %, and 5 %) of HNMs from graphene oxide (GO) and silicon nitride (Si₃N₄). HNMs are utilized to reinforce blended polymers, including polyethylene oxide (PEO), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and nano-polyaniline (PANI) to fabricate (PEO_100K–CMC–PANI/GO–Si₃N₄) using the developed sol–gel-ultrasonic procedure. X-ray diffraction revealed semi-crystalline behavior among all samples, while Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed strong physical interfacial interactions among the sample components. Meanwhile, field emission scanning electron and transmission electron microscopies showed a fine dispersion and a homogeneous matrix with significant changes. The optical absorption behavior revealed continuous high absorption peaks at 200–280-nm wavelengths, which strongly impacts (GO–Si₃N₄). Increases in concentration also strongly impact (GO–Si₃N₄), which results in an improved optical energy gap for the allowed and forbidden transitions from 3.5 eV for the blended polymer to 3 and 2.9 eV by increasing the HNM content. The contributions of HNMs notably enhance the ability to reduce the zones of the bacteria, especially Escherichia coli, from 18 to 26 mm. In effect, HNMs with a concentration higher than 5 % assist in inhibiting the growth of lung cancer (A549) cells. As such, these NCs present good optical behavior for multi-applications, such as biosensors and biological and optoelectronic devices.

Carbohydrate-based vaccines are an effective means for combating bacterial infections, particularly in the face of rising antibiotic resistance. This perspective provides an overview of carbohydrate vaccine against bacterial infections, from the earliest polysaccharide formulations to the latest synthetic constructs, and highlights the full engineering continuum encompassing carbohydrate antigen production, epitope mapping, conjugation chemistry, formulation, preclinical and clinical evaluation, and regulatory approval. By introducing the integrative framework of carbohydrate-based vaccine engineering (CVE), a unified perspective is provided to support both the optimization of current vaccine platforms and the rational design of next-generation glycoconjugate vaccines.

Electronic skin (e-skin), a stretchable, conformable, and multimodal sensing platform, is rapidly advancing in healthcare, robotics, and human–machine interaction (HMI). However, prolonged wear and sweat accumulation at the e-skin-skin interface can introduce signal artifacts, cause discomfort, and eventually lead to interfacial failure. Inspired by the unidirectional liquid transport of the Nepenthes peristome, we constructed an intelligent breathing e-skin (SPTL) featuring a Janus bilayer structure that creates a “liquid diode” effect for active sweat transport, achieving a remarkable cumulative one-way transport index of 956.36 while maintaining a dry interface even under profuse perspiration. This device exhibits a high tensile strain of 627%, a breathability of 20.02 mm s⁻¹, and a pressure sensitivity of 7.39 kPa⁻¹. Furthermore, the SPTL demonstrates versatile multimodal sensing capabilities, including real-time Morse code and non-contact capacitive sensing, while sustaining stable performance over 10,000 pressing cycles (capacitance decay < 3%). As a bio-integrated electrode, SPTL enables high-fidelity acquisition of electroencephalogram (EEG), electromyogram (EMG) and electrocardiogram (ECG) signals, significantly outperforming commercial Ag/AgCl electrodes. Integrated with machine learning algorithms and EMG signals captured by the SPTL, it facilitates precise teleoperation of a quadruped robot and handwritten letter recognition with over 95% accuracy. This bionic strategy provides a versatile solution for intelligent, breathable, and multimodal bio-integrated interfaces.

Assisted reproductive technology (ART) has transformed infertility treatment but is associated with a 2–5-fold increased risk of ectopic pregnancy (EP) compared with natural conception. Despite accumulating evidence, a comprehensive bibliometric evaluation of ART-related EP (ART-EP) research—encompassing its evolution, knowledge gaps, and collaboration patterns—remains lacking. This study aimed to systematically map the ART-EP research landscape, identify critical gaps, and characterize global collaborative networks in alignment with the evidence-based optimization goals of the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine and metabolic disorder, accounting for approximately 80%–95% of anovulatory infertility cases. Patients with PCOS face various challenges during in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) treatment, including a high rick of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS), reduced fertilization rates, and increased miscarriage risk. The clinical manifestations of PCOS are diverse, with common symptoms including menstrual irregularities, hyperandrogenism, and polycystic ovarian morphology. Notably, approximately 50%–75% of patients with PCOS are affected by obesity, which not only exacerbates the clinical manifestations of the disease but also potentially affects reproductive outcomes. Body mass index (BMI) significantly influences IVF-ET outcomes in patients with PCOS by affecting ovarian function, oocyte quality, and endometrial receptivity. This review aims to explore the impact and underlying mechanisms of BMI on IVF treatment outcomes in patients with PCOS and emphasize the importance of weight management, with the goal of providing evidence-based support for optimizing assisted reproductive strategies, thereby improving pregnancy rates and reducing the risk of complications.

In a paper published in Science China Life Sciences, researchers report a lineage‑specific expansion of the hexokinase (HK) family in the genomes of extremely thermotolerant Echinolittorina snails, and identify novel isoforms anchored to the cell membrane via post‑duplication domain fusion. These membrane‑localized HKs enhance cell viability under heat stress by optimizing hexose catabolism, suggesting a crucial role in sustaining the energy‑demanding protective responses that allow Echinolittorina snails to survive thermally harsh intertidal habitats.

Researchers developed a walking-support robot that uses large-area tactile contact at the waist and underarms to continuously follow movement intent and provide balance support. In tests with healthy adults, the same touch-based interaction enabled forward, backward and turning assistance, responded to mild balance disturbances, and reduced hamstring activity compared with handle-based support.