In a paper published in SCIENCE CHINA Earth Sciences, a team of researchers developed new adaptive localization methods for all-sky infrared radiance assimilation. By better accounting for the vertical structure of cloud-related processes and dynamically adjusting localization parameters under different cloud conditions, the new methods significantly improve priors of model state variables and enhance forecasts of tropical cyclone track and intensity. The study provides a new technical pathway for effective use of cloud-affected satellite radiances in an ensemble Kalman filter.

Porphyromonas gingivalis can evade antibiotics by invading host cells, contributing to recurrent periodontitis and persistent tissue damage. A new study reveals that blocking host-cell invasion pathways significantly reduced infection. Simvastatin, a widely used cholesterol-lowering drug, emerged as an effective antibiotic adjuvant, enhancing bacterial clearance, promoting bone-forming activity, and improving treatment outcomes in a rat model of periodontitis. The findings highlight the importance of antibiotic adjuvants in periodontitis treatment.

Researchers from Jiangsu University have identified Pm72, a new powdery mildew resistance gene from the Iraqi wild einkorn wheat accession PI 427741. Genetic analysis showed that the accession carries two dominant resistance genes, including PmNCA6 previously identified on chromosome arm 7AL. Pm72, located on chromosome arm 6AL, provided resistance against all ten powdery mildew isolates tested and remained effective after being transferred into hexaploid wheat through interspecific hybridization. The findings establish Pm72 as a promising resource for breeding wheat varieties with broad and effective resistance to powdery mildew.

Researchers proposed an integrated method that combines remote sensing and meteorological factors to monitor the winter wheat leaf age at the start of the overwintering stage, and developed two models for comparative analysis across Shandong province, China. Using MODIS remote sensing data and ERA5-Land reanalysis temperature data from 458 field sites, they compared a growing degree day (GDD) model with a Random Forest model incorporating emergence date, accumulated heat and vegetation growth. The integrated model estimated leaf age more accurately, achieving an R² of 0.67 and an error of 0.56 leaves. Results identified sowing date and heat accumulation as major drivers, while extreme rainfall in 2021 delayed sowing and weakened seedlings, supporting more precise crop management.

Hybrid nanomaterials are attracting growing attention for their ability to improve the functional performance of polymer-based systems, making them strong contenders for advanced applications in the electronics and biomedical fields. In this study, novel hybrid nanocomposites were developed based on a polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) K30 matrix blended with the conductive polymer polypyrrole (PPy) and reinforced with graphene oxide (GO) and indium tin oxide (ITO) nanoparticles. The nanocomposites were fabricated using a solution-casting technique, with improved dispersion achieved through mechanical stirring and ultrasonication. Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) images revealed a smooth surface morphology and an homogeneous distribution of nanomaterials within the polymer matrix. Meanwhile, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) indicated strong physical interactions between the composite components, with X-ray diffraction confirming the semicrystalline behavior of PVP, which was strongly impacted by the contribution of the nanomaterials. UV–Vis spectroscopy showed significantly enhanced optical behavior, with a notable reduction in the optical band gap from ∼3.43 to 1.63 eV, indicating improved electronic transition efficiency. Furthermore, the well-dried solid films exhibited superior antibacterial activity, with inhibition zones increasing by 53.8% against Staphylococcus aureus and 46.1% against Escherichia coli. These findings highlight the novelty and multifunctionality of the developed nanocomposites, demonstrating their strong potential for use in flexible optical-electronics devices, antibacterial coatings, tissue engineering, and sensor applications and addressing current societal needs in the health, environmental, and medical sectors.

The practical deployment of lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries is hampered by the shuttle effect of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) and sluggish kinetics of sulfur redox reaction. While prevailing research focuses on maximizing the intrinsic activity of catalysts, the critical role of the host architecture in modulating the local reaction microenvironment remains overlooked. Herein, we report a facile ion-exchange strategy to synthesize double-shell hollow Prussian blue analogue derivative (Co_2.5Fe/NC) as advanced sulfur hosts by precisely controlling the Co/Fe molar ratio at 2.5. Finite element simulations and in situ diagnostics reveal that the double-shell structure orchestrates a self-propelled electrolyte flow within the nanoreactor during operation. This dynamic flow effectively mitigates the spatial concentration heterogeneity of LiPSs, especially near the catalysts, thereby preventing active material passivation and ensuring sustained high catalytic efficiency. Consequently, even with a catalyst of moderate intrinsic activity, the Co_2.5Fe/NC cathode achieves exceptional stability under lean electrolyte conditions (0.016% decay per cycle over 1000 cycles at 2 C). More importantly, an Ah-level pouch cell delivers a high energy density of 454.7 Wh kg⁻¹. This work shifts the paradigm from solely pursuing catalytic activity to designing host structures that intelligently manage the electrochemical microenvironment, offering a new avenue toward practical Li–S batteries.

Rice, wheat, bamboo, and the grasses growing along roadsides all belong to the Poaceae family—a plant family that underpins global food security, terrestrial ecosystems, and biodiversity. A new study published in the 2026 Issue 4 of Biodiversity Science presents the most comprehensive and up-to-date checklist of grasses in China, documenting 2,304 grass species in 283 genera, 37 tribes, 7 supertribes, and 10 subfamilies. Together, these account for approximately one-sixth of the world's grass species, reinforcing China's position as one of the world's most important centers of grass diversity.

 Researchers have developed ACGC+, an enhanced atomic connectivity group contribution method that improves the prediction of nine key phase transition properties for organic compounds, including entropy of fusion, enthalpy of vaporization, boiling point, melting point, and critical properties. By introducing local atomic connectivity factors (ACFs+) that capture both global and local structural influences, the new method outperforms the original ACGC approach, reducing mean absolute errors by 1.44% to 7.91%. External validation and cross-validation confirmed the model's robustness, with R² values ranging from 0.845 (melting point) to 0.998 (critical volume).

Researchers have systematically evaluated 14 polyglycol‑based foam control agents under simulated industrial fermentation conditions, investigating their foam suppression efficiency and microbial compatibility. FCA332 emerged as the superior candidate, combining low viscosity, favorable surface tension, and moderate cloud point with consistent foam control and excellent biocompatibility. A predictive model was developed to estimate foam volume and microbial growth based on FCA physicochemical properties, achieving R² values of 0.97 and 0.99, respectively. This model enables rapid screening of FCAs without extensive biological assays, accelerating product development for fermentation applications.

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) develops through the long-term interplay of genetic predisposition, lifestyle, and environmental exposures. Residential greenness is increasingly studied as a measurable environmental exposure that may be related to diabetes risk. However, prospective evidence from Chinese populations remains limited, and whether genetic susceptibility modifies the greenness–T2D association, particularly in terms of absolute risk reduction, has remained unclear.