In this paper, we consider the scenario where the prover of zk-SNARK delegates its proving power to other parties.

In the quest to enhance the efficacy of chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a recent study has identified a pivotal role for CD39 expression in modulating the function of CAR-T cells. The research, conducted by a team of scientists, investigated the impact of CD39 modulation on CAR-T cells, hypothesizing that optimal levels of CD39 could boost the therapeutic potential of these cells against HCC. The study utilized a combination of in vitro and in vivo experiments, including the use of a subcutaneous HCC mouse model, to demonstrate that CAR-T cells with moderate CD39 expression levels displayed superior antitumor activity compared to those with high or low CD39 levels. Furthermore, the study explored the use of mdivi-1, a small molecule inhibitor, to modulate CD39 expression, revealing a synergistic effect when combined with CD39 knockdown that significantly enhanced the antitumor response.

Due to the absence of structural defects such as grain boundaries and dislocations in bulk metallic glasses (BMGs), they exhibit outstanding mechanical properties. However, this also poses challenges for their machining. Although numerous studies have explored the impact of cutting parameters on their machining characteristics, there is a scarcity of research that investigates the influence of tool corner radius on cutting characteristics through examining chip geometrical characteristics. It is essential to fill this research gap.

Recently, a research team led by Xuesong Mei and Jianlei Cui from Xi’an Jiaotong University has made significant progress in the field of nanotechnology. They have successfully achieved the direct writing of nanostructures on Au nano-film using a nanosecond-laser-irradiated cantilevered scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM) probe tip.

Researchers investigated the population characteristics of two hybrid crucian carp strains based on one nuclear gene molecular marker, Transferrin (Tf). Interestingly, the nucleotide diversity of Tf alleles in cultured populations exceeded that of wild populations, and the network and genetic structure analyses failed to distinguish between wild and cultured populations. Additionally, AMOVA analysis indicated genetic differentiation among all six populations, the majority of the genetic variation (92.00%) was observed within populations. These findings providing an alternative perspective for germplasm evaluation of hybrid varieties and crucian carp breeding.

This study presents a novel approach utilizing the concentration gradient of thiourea dissociation products to synthesize a CdNCN-CdS composite photocatalyst with an atomic-level heterostructure (NCN-Cd-S). The strong electron affinity of CdNCN and efficient electron transfer at the interface enhance photocatalytic hydrogen evolution, achieving a record-high rate of 14.7 mmol·g⁻¹·h⁻¹ under visible light, surpassing other CdS-based composites.