Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) affects 6%−20% of reproductive-aged women, and is commonly accompanied by irregular menstrual cycles and anovulatory infertility. The mechanisms underlying menstrual cycle irregularities associated with PCOS, and how they may change after pregnancy remain incompletely understood.

By utilizing an array detector to replace the single-element detector in confocal microscopy, Image Scanning Microscopy (ISM) overcomes the inherent trade-off between resolution and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), thereby enhancing its ability to resolve sub-diffraction features. However, practical ISM performance often falls short of the theoretical ideal, leaving scope for further advancement. Here, we present hybrid iterative ptychographic super-resolution microscopy (HiM), which integrates a honeycomb array detection architecture with a hybrid high-frequency extension algorithm to achieve a 1.5-fold increase in detection efficiency and a spatial resolution of ~60 nm. Experiments demonstrate that HiM outperforms comparative algorithms, achieving a STED-like apparent resolution even in the absence of a depletion laser. The verified compatibility with modalities such as stimulated emission depletion microscopy (STED) and fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) confirms the practical utility of HiM for various imaging requirements.

The intestinal epithelium undergoes rapid renewal every 3–5 days, a process driven by intestinal stem cells (ISCs) located at the base of crypts. While ISCs play an essential role in epithelial regeneration following injury, such as that induced by chemotherapy or radiation, the underlying regulatory mechanisms remain incompletely understood.

A new study published in Life Metabolism reports that a single post-meal blood biomarker, 1-hour postprandial SPARC (SPARC-1H), can predict who will benefit most from adopting a Mediterranean diet. The discovery provides one of the clearest examples to date of how precision nutrition can identify individualized dietary responses using a simple blood test rather than complex multi-omics models.

Glycine, a non-essential amino acid derived from serine, plays an increasingly recognized role in metabolic regulation. Epidemiological studies consistently show that reduced circulating glycine levels are associated with insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes (T2D), and obesity across diverse populations. However, the molecular mechanism linking glycine to insulin production has remained incompletely understood, limiting therapeutic applications.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), a spectrum of liver conditions ranging from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis (MASH), fibrosis, and cirrhosis, represents a global health epidemic with no approved pharmacotherapies.

The liver plays a central role in maintaining systemic energy homeostasis during fasting by mobilizing lipid reserves, a process often accompanied by transient hepatic steatosis. Dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1 (DDAH1), a key enzyme metabolizing asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), has been shown to protect against NAFLD under nutrient-overload conditions. However, its role in the physiological context of fasting remained elusive.

Emerging evidence reveals that dysregulated autophagy, particularly the selective degradation of lipid droplets (lipophagy), is crucial to maintaining hepatic lipid balance, yet how its activity is regulated under different metabolic conditions has long been an open question.

Researchers have developed a thermo-viscoelastic modeling framework to predict the damage initiation strength of composite solid propellants under varying temperatures and strain rates. By combining thermo-viscoelastic constitutive theory with the force–heat equivalence energy density principle, the new model provides an efficient and low-cost alternative to conventional experimental approaches, offering a practical tool for evaluating the structural integrity and storage safety of solid rocket propellants.