With the long-term on-orbit operation of space stations, extravehicular status monitoring and surface inspection tasks have imposed higher demands on the motion planning capabilities of manipulators. Space redundant manipulators, when performing visual monitoring tasks, must simultaneously satisfy multiple complex constraints including kinematics, dynamics, obstacle avoidance, and end-effector line-of-sight, making this a typical nonlinear non-convex optimal control problem. Although sampling-based methods can rapidly generate collision-free paths, they struggle to guarantee dynamic feasibility in high-dimensional systems and often yield poor-quality paths. Optimization-based methods, while capable of directly generating high-quality trajectories, are highly sensitive to initial solutions and lack effective warm-start mechanisms. Therefore, how to merge the rapid search capability of sampling-based methods with the precise solving advantage of optimization-based methods to plan high-quality executable trajectories under complex constraints for space manipulators has become a key challenge in advancing the intelligent development of space robotics.

Using in vivo mouse models and primary in vitro alveolar epithelial cell cultures, researchers found influenza A virus (H1N1) preferentially infects alveolar type 2 (AT2) cells in the early stage of lung alveolar infection. Compared to alveolar type 1 (AT1) cells, AT2 cells exhibit significantly delayed production of type I/III interferons, interferon-stimulated genes and chemokines, which drives elevated viral replication and higher infection susceptibility.

Photodetectors are the “eyes” of modern electronic systems, playing a vital role in fields ranging from optical communication and imaging to sensing. As technology advances, there is a growing demand for photodetectors that are not only highly sensitive but also capable of detecting a broad spectrum of light, responding rapidly, and distinguishing complex optical information. However, traditional photodetectors often face inherent limitations, such as low light absorption efficiency in thin materials, slow response speeds due to carrier trapping, and limited spectral ranges dictated by material bandgaps.

PCOS is a common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age, imposing substantial health and economic burdens worldwide. In a recent large-scale study involving more than 14 million pregnant women across Chinese Mainland, researchers explored how the prevalence of PCOS has increased since the implementation of the universal two-child policy. The article discusses how pregnant women with PCOS face higher risks of various adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes, highlighting the need for targeted obstetric management.

About one in five patients with coronary artery disease show little or no measurable improvement in their exercise capacity despite completing a full cardiac rehabilitation (CR) program. Identification of these “non-responders” before training could help in the better design of the treatment strategy. In a new study, researchers used machine learning model to predict who would benefit from exercise-based CR. Overall, the study points toward a more personalized model of CR.

Optical computing offers high speed and low consumption for data compression and computer vision. However, most optical differentiators are static. The group in Nanjing University proposes a reconfigurable ferroelectric chiral nanostructure to dynamically control optical differentiation. By switching the electric field polarity, differentiation or bright-field imaging is actively selected within 62 μs. Biological edges are clearly identified while direct imaging is also achievable. This work opens new avenues for biomedical microscopy and artificial intelligence.

Refractive index (RI) reflects key sample properties such as morphology, density, stress, and composition. Optical tomography (OT) and optical diffraction tomography (ODT) reconstruct 3D RI distributions from transmittance wavefronts recorded at multiple illumination angles using Fourier slicing or diffraction principles. This review summarizes the principles, implementations, and reconstruction algorithms of 3D RI imaging techniques. Further, different 3D RI imaging approaches are compared, and the current trends and future perspectives are discussed.

This study reveals a novel multi-target skin-whitening strategy using Haematococcus pluvialis extract (HPE) combined with niacinamide (NAM). By integrating B16F10 melanoma cell assays and a HaCaT/MNT-1 transwell coculture model, the study demonstrates that HPE not only suppresses melanin synthesis through tyrosinase inhibition but also reduces melanosome transfer. Moreover, HPE and NAM exhibit synergistic effects on pigmentation regulation, with combination treatments showing enhanced inhibition of melanin accumulation. These findings provide new mechanistic insights into natural bioactive ingredients and support the development of more effective, sustainable, and multifunctional whitening formulations.

Even after receiving guideline‑directed treatment for acute coronary syndrome, many patients face persistent residual cardiovascular risk and repeated ischemic events. This narrative review published in Cardiology Discovery synthesizes recent clinical evidence to build a practical management framework for clinicians caring for acute coronary syndrome survivors. The authors organize residual risks into non-culprit lesion instability, lipid‑related, inflammatory, thrombotic and modifiable lifestyle‑driven categories, and summarize available pharmacologic and non‑pharmacologic interventions for each risk domain. The work supports personalized risk assessment to guide tailored secondary prevention plans. As a narrative review, it does not generate original clinical trial data and requires real‑world studies to validate the proposed clinical workflows.