A research team developed an acid–metal bifunctional catalyst made from discarded fish bones that efficiently converted waste agricultural film into olefin-rich bio-oil through microwave-assisted pyrolysis.

A newly published review in Engineering defines mitochondrial deacetylase SIRT3 as the core ‘‘head goose molecule’’ triggering negentropic mechanisms to reverse diabetes, obesity, and steatotic liver disease. It sorts three classes of SIRT3 activators and notes translational hurdles, providing systematic theoretical support for targeted metabolic disease therapies.

This report covers a single-cell RNA sequencing study published in *Engineering*, exploring how dietary phytosterol oxidation products (POPs) trigger aortic inflammation in atherosclerosis. The paper identifies 7-ketositosterol (7-KS), the major food-derived POP, drives macrophage M1 polarization via the TLR4–IRF5 signaling axis. Mouse assays and public human arterial single-cell datasets verify this conserved inflammatory molecular signature, offering a single-cell research paradigm for dietary lipid-related cardiovascular disease.

Published in Engineering, this meta-analysis of nine bioreactor datasets uses null models to unpack microbial community assembly rules. It clarifies how stochastic and deterministic processes shift under different environmental disturbances, revealing an inverse link between |βNTI| values and pollutant removal efficiency. The paper builds a three-stage conceptual succession model and offers practical guidance for stable biotreatment operation.

Published in Engineering, this report introduces a full-process intelligent arch-forming technology for large-span mountain arch bridges. Built on three core modules of optimized cable force calculation, digital prefabrication control and automatic installation pose adjustment, the framework replaces traditional physical assembly and repeated manual calibration. Its reliability is verified on the 504 m Deyu Expressway Wujiang Bridge, offering efficient, low-labor construction solutions for prefabricated segmental arch bridges and pointing out follow-up research directions for concrete arch structures.

Published in Engineering, this report introduces an ALK/PEM hybrid electrolyzer multi-timescale scheduling strategy. The study combines CNN–BiLSTM–Attention wind–solar forecasting and hydrogen demand response to refine electrolyzer state modeling via Big-M linearization. Rolling optimization on 1-hour day-ahead and 15-minute intraday timescales stabilizes operation. Tests in Hubei show over 96% schedule execution, lifting system revenue and retaining 80% economic efficiency under extreme cloudy weather.

This report covers a mild-temperature methane reforming technology combining non-thermal DBD plasma and perovskite oxygen carriers published in Engineering. Plasma generates vibrationally excited CH₄ᵛ​ to cut methane’s activation barrier, achieving 53.5% CH₄​ conversion at 600 °C with 92% pure H₂​. The electrified plasma system reduces thermal demand and enables potential adiabatic reactor designs for low-energy hydrogen production.

Want to cut reliance on Earth supplies for Mars colonies? A new Engineering review explores mild-temperature CO₂ conversion tech ECO2R, a lighter, stabler alternative to NASA’s high-heat MOXIE oxygen generator. It turns Mars’ thick carbon dioxide atmosphere into rocket fuel and breathable oxygen via tailored electrodes and catalysts. Researchers also use CFD simulations and machine learning to fix space-specific hurdles like microgravity mass transport, mapping step-by-step plans to build fully self-sustaining Martian habitats down the line.

This report covers a novel 3D-printed Luneburg lens built with diamond crystal lattices published in Engineering. Unlike conventional cubic lattice lenses, it features 34% packing density for lighter weight, stable permittivity across incident angles, and full six polarization states via a custom broadband feeding system. Tested across the full X-band, the lens delivers wide-angle scanning, lower sidelobes and consistent gain for satellite communications and integrated sensing applications.

Industrial large language models often spit out false technical answers due to limited domain knowledge. A new study in Engineering builds a complete RAG system tailored for manufacturing sectors. It uses a BERT filter to sort industrial questions, GTE-DPR for precise knowledge retrieval, and two mainstream open LLMs to generate reliable technical replies. Tests prove each module cuts AI hallucinations and boosts answer accuracy, offering a practical solution for smart factory knowledge queries.