A novel PbTiO₃-based perovskite system, (1-x)PbTiO₃-xBiYbO₃, has been synthesized using a distinctive high-pressure and high-temperature technique. The system exhibits an unusual enhanced tetragonalities compared to pristine PbTiO₃ (c/a = 1.064). Consequently, NTE over an extended temperature range has been realized in 0.95PbTiO₃-0.05BiYbO₃ ( = -2.18 ´ 10^-5/K, 300 - 820 K) and 0.90PbTiO₃-0.10BiYbO₃ ( = -1.85 ´ 10^-5/K, 300 - 850 K), respectively, when compared to that of pristine PbTiO₃ ( = -1.99 ´ 10^-5/K, 300 - 763 K). Our experimental and theoretical studies indicate that the improved tetragonalities and expanded NTE temperature range result from stronger Pb/Bi-O and Ti/Yb-O bond strengths, and an asymmetrically distributed charge density. The present study presents a new instance of NTE across a broad temperature range, highlighting its potential as an effective thermal expansion compensator.

Monolithic multi-surface optical elements play significant roles in advanced optical systems, requiring precise form quality and surface positioning. Towards this goal, Scientist in China invented an integrated form-position measurement solution based on Bayesian multi-sensor fusion, which proposes a new full-probability deflectometric measurement method. They constructed a complete uncertainty propagation model, which tightly fuses multi-sensor data through propagating uncertainties while incorporating calibration priors into the measurement model, thereby enhancing measurement accuracy and determinacy.

Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) offers an opportunity for non-invasive detection of eye diseases, cardiovascular disorders, neurodegenerative conditions and even cancers. However, its widespread usage is hindered by its limited image acquisition speed and signal strength. These limitations create an unavoidable compromise between scanning area and image clarity. Most significantly, they block clinicians from obtaining quantitative data, such as blood flow velocity, a crucial early-warning signal of disease progression that often appears before any visible structural abnormalities emerge. Spectrally extended line field OCTA (SELF-OCTA) offers a cost-effective solution to these challenges. This imaging technology achieves a multiplicative increase in image acquisition speed via parallel sampling, while concurrently improving signal strength and enabling safter ocular laser application. SELF-OCTA demonstrates significant advantages over conventional OCTA technologies in both human skin and retina in vivo imaging: (1) achieving significantly enlarged field of view while preserving microvascular details, and (2) enabling blood flow velocity measurement across an unprecedented range (Fig. 1). The technology does not require significant alterations with respect to the OCTA devices commonly used in the clinics, emphasizing that the above-mentioned advanced imaging capabilities can be widely deployed and available for disease screening, early diagnosis and follow-up in large populations. One of such diseases is diabetic retinopathy (DR) which requires constant follow-ups with wide field over long term periods. However, there is few wide-field OCTA device accessible and affordable. SELF-OCTA will potentially make wide-field OCTA accessible and affordable to all DR patients with low-cost. One of the other such diseases is age-related macular degeneration (AMD) which can be diagnosis earlier by quantitatively examining the abnormal changes in blood flow velocity. SELF-OCTA will potentially change the screening and diagnostic paradigm of diseases by detecting the disease at the reversible or treatable stage, instead of advanced stages. SELF-OCTA also opens the avenue for screening systematic diseases noninvasively and conveniently with retinal OCTA at earlier stages, including but not limited to coronary atherosclerosis, strokes, Alzheimer’s disease, and dementia.

In a paper published in Science China Earth Sciences, a team of scientists present a novel application of data-driven AI model to real-time predictions of the 2023–2024 climate conditions in the tropical Pacific. As configured, this AI-based model can adequately represent the coupled ocean-atmosphere interactions, with its prediction procedure being executed in a rolling manner, in which the related key fields during multi-month time intervals (TIs) are taken for input predictors serving as initial conditions. Sensitivity experiments are conducted to examine how prediction skills are affected by the input predictor specifications, including TIs. A comparison with other dynamic coupled models is also made to demonstrate the prediction performance for the 2023–2024 El Niño event.

Yang et al. discovered FuHsi, a novel lncRNA-encoded nucleolar protein that regulates rDNA transcription and drives tumor progression. This study unveils a new layer of rDNA transcription and nucleolar biogenesis, potentially offering therapeutic targets for cancer and related diseases.

Optical frequency combs technology has become a core technology in information systems over last decade. Recently, UCLA reported groundbreaking research in eLight demonstrating chip-level platicon frequency microcombs achieving free-space terabit coherent optical communication. In a 160-meter link, data transmission reached 8.21 Tbit/s and remained stable under turbulence, offering innovative solutions to meet the high-bandwidth demands of 6G networks and communications.