Researchers have provided the first quantitative characterization of coalescence between a sessile droplet (attached to a fiber) and a pendant droplet (suspended in the continuous phase) – an asymmetric configuration prevalent in industrial fiber coalescers for oily wastewater treatment. Using high‑speed imaging and a Mask R‑CNN deep‑learning model, the study identified three distinct stages. The liquid bridge expansion (Stage I) is governed by capillary pressure difference, insensitive to droplet size ratio. In the oscillation decay stage (Stage II), fiber adhesion rapidly dissipates energy. Crucially, increasing the sessile‑to‑pendant radius ratio to 1.5 significantly reduces the size of secondary droplets generated during neck rupture, offering a direct strategy to improve separation efficiency.

Fiber coalescers are widely used to separate oil from water in petrochemical and other industries. Their performance depends on how dispersed oil droplets merge on fiber surfaces. Most previous studies focused on symmetric coalescence of two sessile droplets sitting on a fiber. In real industrial conditions, however, a more common event is the interaction between a sessile droplet already attached to a fiber and a pendant droplet suspended in the flowing continuous phase. This asymmetric configuration introduces gravity orientation and different kinematic freedom, yet it has remained largely unexplored.

In a study published in ENGINEERING Chemical Engineering, researchers from East China University of Science and Technology used a highspeed camera at 20,000 frames per second and trained a Mask RCNN neural network to automatically segment droplet boundaries and extract morphological parameters with high precision (mean relative error for liquid bridge width only 1.12 %). They systematically investigated coalescence for sessiletopendant radius ratios of 1, 1.25, and 1.5, with water droplets in isooctane under conditions where inertia dominates over viscosity.

The coalescence process comprises three stages. In Stage I (liquid bridge formation), upon contact a liquid bridge expands. The bridge width grows in proportion to the square root of time, confirming the classical capillaryinertial scaling. The driving capillary pressure difference is nearly independent of the droplet size ratio, showing that the initial dynamics are locally controlled by curvature rather than global dimensions.

Stage II (oscillation decay) shows unique behavior. In contrast to symmetric sessilesessile systems where periodic oscillations persist over many cycles, the pendantsessile configuration exhibits rapid energy dissipation because the fiber strongly suppresses oscillations through contact line damping. The amplitude of the capillary wave on the pendant droplet side increases with the size ratio. Neck rupture at the needle tip and fiber junction causes abrupt energy loss, eliminating distinct periodicity and leading to quick equilibrium.

Stage III (stable morphology formation) involves secondary droplet generation from pinchoff of neck filaments. The upper neck (needle side) evolves through hourglass, conical, and dropletformation stages, producing multiple secondary droplets. The lower neck (fiber side) is suppressed by fiber adhesion, generating only a single tiny droplet. Increasing the radius ratio to 1.5 systematically reduces secondary droplet sizes and completely eliminates fiberside breakup.

These findings provide direct guidance for controlling polydisperse droplet emissions in industrial fiber coalescers, enhancing oilwater separation efficiency.

Researchers propose a groundbreaking theoretical concept—equivalent potential—that bridges quantum mechanics with fluid behavior under microwave irradiation and interfacial confinement. This unified framework explains how microwave fields and solid surfaces jointly reshape fluid molecular arrangements, leading to ordered or disordered cluster structures. The work provides a fundamental principle for designing external-field-enhanced chemical processes, from CO₂ capture to catalytic conversion, and opens a pathway toward rational regulation of fluid structures at the nanoscale.

Solid‑state hydrogen storage offers high density and safety, but material development is slow. A comprehensive review highlights how machine learning (ML) and big data are accelerating discovery. The Digital Hydrogen‑S platform integrates over 3000 materials and 254,000 structured records, including multimodal data (PCT curves, kinetic data, synthesis metadata). Analysis shows that nearly no alloy meets US DOE targets for capacity, temperature, and pressure. ML models now predict storage capacity, formation enthalpy, and pressure‑composition‑temperature curves with high accuracy. Neural network potentials (NNPs) provide near‑first‑principles insight into hydrogen adsorption, dissociation, and diffusion. Future priorities include open‑access multimodal databases, inverse design, and generalized NNPs for complete absorption‑desorption cycles.

A stretchable, self-healing semiconductor has been developed using hierarchical hydrogen bonds—like mixing Velcro with a zipper. Unlike single-strength bonds, these multi-level bonds work together to balance rigidity and flexibility. It achieves 150% stretchability, 90% electrical healing, and record mobility of 1.01 cm² V⁻¹ s⁻¹ under 150% strain. This solves the trade-off between charge transport, stretchability, and healing ability, paving the way for future stretchable electronics.

Researchers from the group of Prof. Jia Shuang at Peking University and the group of Prof. Xu Gang at Huazhong University of Science and Technology have recently collaborated to investigate the heavy-fermion ferromagnet CeCrGe₃. They observed giant anomalous Hall and anomalous Nernst effects and revealed that these remarkable responses originate from Kondo-driven topological flat bands. The results were published under the title “Giant Anomalous Hall and Nernst Effects in a Heavy Fermion Ferromagnet” in Science Bulletin.

By imaging the superfluid density and superconducting transition temperature in an infinite-layer superconductor, researchers revealed a strong correlation between the two quantities. This correlation is quantitatively similar to that reported in cuprate superconductors, hinting at a close connection between the superconductivity of infinite-layer nickelates and that of cuprates.

A transcriptomic analysis-based study reports altered gene expression in KRAS-overexpressing human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1), highlighting it as a key driver for brain arteriovenous malformation (bAVM), a rare vascular disorder. 4,737 differentially expressed genes in KRAS-overexpressing HMEC-1 cells were identified, enriched in pathways related to cell adhesion, signaling, transport, and mitochondrial function. The results indicate that KRAS-driven molecular alterations may play a role in the development of bAVM.

The discovery of pathogenic genes based on large CHD cohort forms the foundation for improving early diagnosis, prevention, control, and treatment of CHD. To this end, Academician Lin He launched the Chinese Children's CHD Genome Research Project. The research team conducted whole-genome sequencing on 354 core CHD families from China, integrated single-cell transcriptomic data and phenotypic analysis in model animals, and identified high-confidence CHD risk genes. This study has constructed the largest genetic etiology map of congenital heart disease in Asian populations.

In a recent study of Amazonian forests, researchers from the South China Botanical Garden (SCBG) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, in collaboration with Cornell University and several international research institutions, found that the residence time of carbon in Amazonian vegetation will continue to shorten as atmospheric drying intensifies and convective storm activity increases, thereby undermining the forests’ long-term carbon storage capacity.

Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) have emerged as promising candidates for large-scale energy storage systems in the post-lithium era, owing to their inherent safety and cost-effectiveness. However, their practical implementation faces significant challenges, including chemical corrosion, uncontrolled dendrite formation, and hydrogen evolution reactions (HER). To address these limitations, an innovative “hydrophobic-zincophilic” Pd/g-C₃N₄ composite coating was developed for Zn anodes by atomic-layer-deposition (ALD). The g-C₃N₄ matrix serves as an ion flux regulator, while uniformly dispersed Pd nanoparticles function as zincophilic nucleation sites, enabling homogeneous Zn deposition. In situ optical characterization demonstrates the coating’s dual functionality: the hydrophobic component effectively minimizes water contact, while the zincophilic phase guides ordered Zn plating, jointly suppressing parasitic reactions. The modified Pd/g-C₃N₄@Zn anode achieves exceptional cycling stability (> 2500 h) and maintains a remarkable Coulombic efficiency of 99.56% over 5000 cycles at 2 A/g, representing a significant advancement in AZIB anode engineering. This work provides a generalizable interfacial design strategy for developing high-performance AZIB systems.