A study published in National Science Review shows that alkali metal cations (AM⁺) in electrolytes can effectively steer the product selectivity of oxygen reduction catalyzed on Co-N₄ sites. As the cation size increases from Li⁺ to Cs⁺, the ORR pathway transits from the generation of hydrogen peroxide via the 2e^- process to the generation of water via a combined 2e^- + 2e^- process. In situ electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopy (EC-STM) provides direct evidence that larger cations stabilize reaction intermediates (HO₂^-) and promote its further reduction. This work demonstrates an effective and practical strategy to modulate the ORR selectivity by adjusting the electrolyte composition rather than replacing the catalyst.

A research collaboration between Prof. Yayu Wang’s group at Tsinghua University and Prof. Chang Liu’s group at Renmin University of China (RUC) has recently published a paper in Science Bulletin, titled “Strongly enhanced topological quantum phases in dual-surface AlO_x-encapsulated MnBi₂Te₄.” By developing a wax-assisted exfoliation method and constructing dual-surface AlO_x encapsulation of MnBi₂Te₄, the team achieved enhanced topological quantum phases in both even and odd layer devices, providing a new approach for exploring novel topological quantum phenomena and potential applications in MnBi₂Te₄ and other two-dimensional materials.

Although traditional spinel oxides exhibit excellent microwave dielectric or thermosensitive properties, achieving linear negative temperature coefficient (NTC) behaviour and stable microwave dielectric performance simultaneously across a wide temperature range remains challenging, making it impossible to meet the stringent requirements for multifunctional integration in 6G front-end devices. This study developed Sc³⁺-modified Mg-Al-Mn-Fe-O spinel ceramics through B-site cation doping, breaking through this performance trade-off bottleneck. On the one hand, Sc³⁺ inhibits the formation of oxygen vacancies and regulates the Mn/Fe valence ratio, achieving highly linear thermosensitive characteristics across an ultra-wide temperature range of 200-1000°C (B_{200°C/1000°C} = 8367-9758 K). On the other hand, through the lattice stabilisation effect induced by Sc³⁺ and the octahedral site bond strength enhancement mechanism, excellent microwave dielectric properties were simultaneously obtained: low dielectric constants (ε_r = 8.86-10.55), ultrahigh quality factor (Q·f= 96,000-149,000 GHz), and near-zero temperature coefficient of resonant frequency (τ_f = -33.2 to -10.2×10^-6/°C). The cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna developed based on the prepared ceramic achieved 92% radiation efficiency and 6.28 dBi gain in the 12 GHz frequency band, verifying its engineering application potential in satellite communication front-end modules.

Industrial emissions of sulfur dioxide (SO₂) and nitrogen oxides (NOₓ) in production and daily life contribute to acid rain formation, which degrades soil and aquatic ecosystems while impairing human respiratory health.

Metal–carbon dioxide (CO₂) batteries hold great promise for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and are regarded as one of the most promising energy storage techniques due to their efficiency advantages in CO₂ recovery and conversion. Moreover, rechargeable nonaqueous metal–CO₂ batteries have attracted much attention due to their high theoretical energy density. However, the stability issues of the electrode–electrolyte interfaces of nonaqueous metal–CO₂ (lithium (Li)/sodium (Na)/potassium (K)–CO₂) batteries have been troubling its development, and a large number of related research in the field of electrolytes have conducted in recent years. This review retraces the short but rapid research history of nonaqueous metal–CO₂ batteries with a detailed electrochemical mechanism analysis. Then it focuses on the basic characteristics and design principles of electrolytes, summarizes the latest achievements of various types of electrolytes in a timely manner and deeply analyzes the construction strategies of stable electrode–electrolyte interfaces for metal–CO₂ batteries. Finally, the key issues related to electrolytes and interface engineering are fully discussed and several potential directions for future research are proposed. This review enriches a comprehensive understanding of electrolytes and interface engineering toward the practical applications of next-generation metal–CO₂ batteries.

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) offer a self-sustaining power solution for marine regions abundant in resources but constrained by energy availability. Since their pioneering use in wave energy harvesting in 2014, nearly a decade of advancements has yielded nearly thousands of research articles in this domain. Researchers have developed various TENG device structures with diverse functionalities to facilitate their commercial deployment. Nonetheless, there is a gap in comprehensive summaries and performance evaluations of TENG structural designs. This paper delineates six innovative structural designs, focusing on enhancing internal device output and adapting to external environments: high space utilization, hybrid generator, mechanical gain, broadband response, multi-directional operation, and hybrid energy-harvesting systems. We summarize the prevailing trends in device structure design identified by the research community. Furthermore, we conduct a meticulous comparison of the electrical performance of these devices under motorized, simulated wave, and real marine conditions, while also assessing their sustainability in terms of device durability and mechanical robustness. In conclusion, the paper outlines future research avenues and discusses the obstacles encountered in the TENG field. This review aims to offer valuable perspectives for ongoing research and to advance the progress and application of TENG technology.